Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Jan 8;1(4):210-216.
doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2015.11.002. eCollection 2015 Dec.

Identifying at-risk foot among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in one Chinese tertiary hospital

Sheng-Yi Zou  1 , Yuan Zhao  1 , Yue-Ping Shen  2 , Yao-Fang Shi  1 , Hui-Juan Zhou  1 , Jian-Ying Zou  1 , Bi-Min Shi  1
Affiliations

Identifying at-risk foot among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in one Chinese tertiary hospital

Sheng-Yi Zou et al. Chronic Dis Transl Med. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetic at-risk foot and its associated factors.

Methods: A total of 838 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were screened for at-risk foot. Neural and vascular disorders were evaluated by assessing vibration perception thresholds and ankle brachial indexes (ABIs). After excluding 12 patients with abnormally high ABIs, remaining individuals with neural and/or vascular disorder were identified as at-risk patients and further classified into three subtypes: isolated neural disorder, isolated vascular disorder and mixed disorder. Potential associated factors were examined using Logistic regression models.

Results: In the final sample of 826 individuals, the prevalence of diabetic at-risk foot was 30.6%. Among all at-risk patients, isolated neural disorders (69.6%) were more common than mixed (16.2%) or isolated vascular disorders (14.2%). Isolated neural and vascular disorders shared specific risk factors, including age per 20-year increment (odds ratio [95% CI], 3.73 [2.59-5.37] and 4.01 [1.98-8.11]), diabetic duration ≥10 years (1.69 [1.13-2.54] and 3.29 [1.49-7.24]) and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (1.96 [1.31-2.93] and 2.90 [1.38-6.10]) respectively. In addition, isolated neural disorders were associated with a heavy smoking history (95%CI 2.69 [1.15-6.31]), increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (95%CI 1.30 [1.04-1.62]) and mild obesity (95%CI 0.49 [0.20-1.24]). Isolated vascular disorders were linked with decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (95%CI 3.42 [1.31-8.96]) and increased triglycerides levels (95%CI 2.74 [1.26-5.97]).

Conclusions: Diabetic at-risk foot is epidemic among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. Aging, long-term diabetes, hypertension, smoking, inflammatory response and dyslipidemia may be associated with the prevalence of diabetic at-risk foot.

Keywords: Ankle brachial index; Diabetic at-risk foot; Vibration perception threshold.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Singh N., Armstrong D.G., Lipsky B.A. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2005;293:217–228. - PubMed
    1. Brownrigg JA J.R.W., Bakker K., Schaper N.C., Hinchliffe R.J. Evidence-based management of PAD & the diabetic foot. Eur J Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2013;45:673–681. - PubMed
    1. Bora Rhim L.H. Prevention: can we stop problems before they arise? Seminars Vasc Surg. 2012;25:122–128. - PubMed
    1. Lepäntalo M., Setacci C., Ricco J.B. Chapter V: diabetic foot. Eur J Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2011;42:S60–S74. - PubMed
    1. Prompers L., Huijberts M., Apelqvist J. High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study. Diabetologia. 2007;50:18–25. - PubMed