Diabetes awareness, treatment, control rates and associated risk factors among Beijing residents in 2011: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Objective: To examine the awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes and identify their associated risk factors among Beijing residents.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011, using a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method to select a representative sample of 20,242 residents in Beijing aged 18-79 years. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or history of diabetes and/or using insulin or hypoglycemic agents. All estimates of awareness, treatment and control rates were weighted by the 2010 Beijing Population Census data and the sampling scheme. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with awareness, treatment and control rates.

Results: A total of 2061 (10.3%) participants were diagnosed as diabetes. The overall awareness, treatment and control rate among patients were 60.9%, 51.3% and 22.4%, respectively, while overall control rate among treated patients was 33.8%. These rates differed across subgroups. Women were more likely to be aware of diabetes status, receive treatment and have better glucose controlled than men (69.5% vs. 54.7% for awareness, 61.0% vs. 44.3% for treatment, and 27.6% vs. 18.6% for control, respectively). In addition, only 22.2% of treated patients had both FBG and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) controlled well. Multivariate Logistic regression suggested that old age, women, higher education and family history of diabetes were associated with higher awareness, treatment and control rates (All P < 0.05). Treated individuals living in rural (OR = 0.67(95%CI: 0.47-0.96)) or with dyslipidemia (OR = 0.63 (95%CI: 0.44-0.91)) had a lower diabetic control rate.

Conclusions: Awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes in Beijing were still low. A comprehensive intervention strategy on diabetes management and control is warranted.

Keywords: Awareness; Control; Diabetes; Hemoglobin A1c; Treatment.

Fig. 1

Flow chart of the study sample showing inclusion and exclusion of participants.

Fig. 2

Proportions of patients whose FBG was <7.0 mmol/L and HbA1c was <7.0% among treated diabetic patients. Proportions were weighted according to the 2010 Beijing Population Census data and the sampling scheme. Differences between/among subgroup populations by district, body mass index, waist circumference and dyslipidemia status were statistically significant (P < 0.05). FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.