Differing perceptions - Swedish farmers' views of infectious disease control

Abstract

Although farm biosecurity reduces the risk of disease spread among livestock, this knowledge is not always applied. Farmers' application of disease preventive measures is expected to depend on many things, e.g. whether they consider disease prevention possible and demographic factors. In this study, Swedish livestock farmers' perspectives on occurrence, control and communication related to infectious livestock diseases were investigated. A questionnaire study was performed in 2012-2013, and included responses from almost 2000 livestock farmers with cattle, pigs, sheep or goats. Associations between responses and factors related to herd type and demography were investigated using multivariable regression models. Results showed a strong general agreement among farmers that disease prevention is important. However, results also showed differing opinions among farmers. For example, female farmers indicated higher levels of perceived knowledge of disease spread and a stronger belief that they can prevent disease introduction. Results indicate that farmers who believe they have the necessary knowledge, have stronger sense of control and also demand that others take responsibility to prevent spread. Furthermore, dairy farmers were more likely to respond that repeated exposure to infections could be beneficial for animal health. The number of perceived disease outbreaks was also higher among these farmers. Regarding government issued compensation to farmers in case of outbreaks, a wide range of opinions were recorded. Responses confirm that the farm veterinarian is an important source of disease information and several different communication channels are needed to reach farmers. In conclusion, our results show that factors such as gender, education level and age influence how prevention and occurrence of disease outbreaks are perceived and best communicated. We suggest that efforts are made to increase knowledge about disease prevention among farmers and veterinary practitioners and that farm veterinarians should be encouraged to motivate farmers to strengthen farm biosecurity.

Keywords: biosecurity; compensation; demographic factors; disease prevention; perceived knowledge.

Figure 1

a‐b. Perceived consequences and occurrence of infectious diseases. Distribution of farmers’ replies to questions about the consequences and occurrence of infectious diseases in livestock. The survey was based on a questionnaire and included farmers with cattle, pigs or small ruminants from all parts of Sweden (2012–2013). The questions had seven response alternatives, ranging from −3 to +3, where the most extreme alternatives corresponded to different variants of ‘completely negative’ and ‘completely positive’, respectively. The exact definitions and questions are given within each graph.

Figure 2

a‐b. Perceived knowledge and control of infectious diseases. Distribution of farmers’ replies to questions about knowledge and control of infectious diseases in livestock. The survey was based on a questionnaire and included farmers with cattle, pigs or small ruminants from all parts of Sweden (2012–2013). The questions had seven response alternatives, ranging from −3 to +3, where the most extreme alternatives corresponded to different variants of ‘completely negative’ and ‘completely positive’, respectively. The exact definitions and questions are given within each graph.

Figure 3

Opinions on compensations in case of disease outbreaks. Distribution of farmers’ replies to a question about disease outbreak compensations related to biosecurity requirements. The survey was based on a questionnaire and included farmers with cattle, pigs or small ruminants from all parts of Sweden (2012–2013). The question had seven response alternatives, ranging from −3 to +3, where the most extreme alternatives corresponded to ‘No, no compensation unless routines’ and ‘Yes, equal to all’, respectively.