Outcomes of prenatally diagnosed solitary functioning kidney during early life

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of congenital solitary functioning kidney (SFK) in early childhood.

Study design: A retrospective study of 32 children diagnosed in utero with SFK owing to unilateral renal agenesis or multicystic dysplastic kidney and followed for 1 to 11.5 years.

Results: SFK length was in the compensatory hypertrophy range in 45% of fetal sonographic evaluations from mid-pregnancy, and in 85% on postnatal follow-up. Glomerular filtration rate was below normal range in 44.4%, 12.5% and 0% at <1 year, age 1 to 3 years and thereafter, respectively. Hyperfiltration was detected in 18.5% and 82.6% at <1 year and >3 years, respectively. Hypertension was documented in 35% at age 1 to 3 years but in none at an older age. Proteinuria was absent in all children.

Conclusion: Congenital SFK is apparently associated with little or no renal damage in infancy or childhood. Compensatory enlargement of the functioning kidney begins in utero and might serve as a prognostic indicator for normal renal function after birth.