Roles of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the progression of diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults across the world. The pathogenesis of DR is multifactorial and the molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) may be aberrantly expressed and may play vital roles in the development of DR. Amongst ncRNAs, miRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are known for their regulatory functions. Here, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of known aberrantly expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs in DR. Additionally, a novel lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA network is included in this review. We highlight original studies that provide detailed data about the mechanisms of miRNAs and lncRNAs, their applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and their potential therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this review will help us gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs and lncRNAs perform their functions in DR, and provide general strategies and directions for future research.

Keywords: diabetic retinopathy; dysregulation; long noncoding RNA; microRNA; molecular mechanisms.

Figure 1. Major miRNAs associated with the pathogenesis of DR

The main miRNAs involved in the progression, and contribution to DR, both in vitro and in vivo studies. The potential mechanisms of specific miRNAs (miR-126, miR-200b, miR-146a, miR-195, miR-15/miR16, and miR-29b) are demonstrated (see text for more details).