Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo-electron microscopy

Yuzhang Li¹, Yanbin Li¹, Allen Pei¹, Kai Yan¹, Yongming Sun¹, Chun-Lan Wu¹, Lydia-Marie Joubert², Richard Chin³, Ai Leen Koh³, Yi Yu⁴, John Perrino², Benjamin Butz^{1

5}, Steven Chu^{6

7}, Yi Cui^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
² Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
³ Stanford Nano Shared Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁴ School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
⁵ Institut für Werkstofftechnik and Gerätezentrum für Mikro- und Nanoanalytik (MNaF), Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
⁶ Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁷ Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁸ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. yicui@stanford.edu.
⁹ Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

PMID: 29074771
DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6014

Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo-electron microscopy

Yuzhang Li et al. Science. 2017.

. 2017 Oct 27;358(6362):506-510.

doi: 10.1126/science.aam6014.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
² Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
³ Stanford Nano Shared Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁴ School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
⁵ Institut für Werkstofftechnik and Gerätezentrum für Mikro- und Nanoanalytik (MNaF), Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
⁶ Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁷ Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁸ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. yicui@stanford.edu.
⁹ Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

PMID: 29074771
DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6014

Abstract

Whereas standard transmission electron microscopy studies are unable to preserve the native state of chemically reactive and beam-sensitive battery materials after operation, such materials remain pristine at cryogenic conditions. It is then possible to atomically resolve individual lithium metal atoms and their interface with the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). We observe that dendrites in carbonate-based electrolytes grow along the <111> (preferred), <110>, or <211> directions as faceted, single-crystalline nanowires. These growth directions can change at kinks with no observable crystallographic defect. Furthermore, we reveal distinct SEI nanostructures formed in different electrolytes.

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Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo-electron microscopy

Affiliations

Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo-electron microscopy

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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