Perioperative Behavioral Therapy and Pelvic Muscle Strengthening Do Not Enhance Quality of Life After Pelvic Surgery: Secondary Report of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: There is significant need for trials evaluating the long-term effectiveness of a rigorous program of perioperative behavioral therapy with pelvic floor muscle training (BPMT) in women undergoing transvaginal reconstructive surgery for prolapse.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative BPMT on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and sexual function following vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Design: This study is a secondary report of a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial.

Setting: This study was a multicenter trial.

Participants: Participants were adult women with stage 2-4 POP and SUI.

Intervention: Perioperative BPMT versus usual care and sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) versus uterosacral ligament suspension (ULS) were provided.

Measurements: Participants undergoing transvaginal surgery (SSLF or ULS for POP and a midurethral sling for SUI) received usual care or five perioperative BPMT visits. The primary outcome was change in body image and in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ) short-form subscale, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Pelvic Organ Prolapse-Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12), Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGII), and Brink scores.

Results: The 374 participants were randomized to BPMT (n = 186) and usual care (n = 188). Outcomes were available for 137 (74%) of BPMT participants and 146 (78%) of the usual care participants at 24 months. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in PFIQ, SF-36, PGII, PISQ-12, or body image scale measures.

Limitations: The clinicians providing BPMT had variable expertise. Findings might not apply to vaginal prolapse procedures without slings or abdominal apical prolapse procedures.

Conclusions: Perioperative BPMT performed as an adjunct to vaginal surgery for POP and SUI provided no additional improvement in QOL or sexual function compared with usual care.

Figure 1.

Disposition by treatment group. POP-Q = Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System, QOL = quality of life, RCT = randomized controlled trial. ^aP = .22. ^bP = .15. ^sP = .35.

Figure 2.

Results summary: no significant differences were shown between the BPMT and UC groups at any time point to 24 months. Figures (a)–(d) denote scales with negative change indicating improvement. BI = body image, BPMT = perioperative behavioral therapy with pelvic floor muscle training, CRAIQ = Colorectal-Anal Impact Questionnaire, POPIQ = Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Questionnaire, UC = usual care, UIQ = Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire.

Figure 3.

Results summary: no significant differences were shown between the BPMT and UC groups at any time point to 24 months. Figures (a)–(c) denote scales with positive change indicating improvement. BPMT = perioperative behavioral therapy with pelvic floor muscle training, MCS = Mental Component Summary, PCS = Physical Component Summary, PISQ = Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, UC = usual care.