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Review
. 2017 Oct;18(5):378-384.
doi: 10.2174/1389202918666170329110349.

Recurrent Fusion Genes in Leukemia: An Attractive Target for Diagnosis and Treatment

Yuhui Wang  1 , Nan Wu  1 , Duo Liu  1   2 , Yan Jin  1
Affiliations
Review

Recurrent Fusion Genes in Leukemia: An Attractive Target for Diagnosis and Treatment

Yuhui Wang et al. Curr Genomics. 2017 Oct.

Abstract

Introduction: Since the first fusion gene was discovered decades ago, a considerable number of fusion genes have been detected in leukemia. The majority of them are generated through chromosomal rearrangement or abnormal transcription. With the development of techniques, high-throughput sequencing method makes it possible to detect fusion genes systematically in multiple human cancers. Owing to their biological significance and tumor-specific expression, some of the fusion genes are attractive diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting BCR-ABL1 fusions have been widely used to treat CML. The combination of ATRA and ATO targeting PML-RARA fusions has proven to be effective in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Moreover, therapy with high dose cytarabine (HDAC) has significantly improved the prognosis of core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Therefore, studies on fusion genes may benefit patients with leukemia by providing more diagnostic markers and therapies in the future.

Conclusion: The presented review focuses on the history of fusion genes, mechanisms of formation, and treatments against specific fusion genes in leukemia.

Keywords: AML; Fusion genes; Leukemia; Recurrent; Target; Treatment.

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Figures

Fig. (1)
Fig. (1)
The formation of fusion genes through chromosomal rearrangement. A and B indicate involved genes and boxes signify introns or exons. Circles indicate genomic breakpoints. Red lines and arrows indicate the way rearrangement occurred. The big blue arrows indicate the resulting fusion genes. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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