Comprehensive Assessment and Diagnosis of Metabolic and Biomechanical Complications in Obesity

Excerpt

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, affecting over 650 million adults and 340 million children and adolescents worldwide. In the United States, approximately 36% of adults and 17% of children are classified as obese, with rates continuing to rise across all demographic groups. The clinical significance of obesity extends far beyond its impact on body weight, as this condition serves as a key pathophysiologic driver of numerous metabolic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and reproductive complications.

The relationship between obesity and its associated complications is complex and bidirectional. Obesity is a key pathophysiologic driver of diabetes, other cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and an inflammatory state), and ultimately cardiovascular and kidney disease. Understanding these relationships is crucial for healthcare professionals, as early identification and intervention can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of chronic disease. The systematic evaluation of obesity-related complications necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying these conditions and the age-specific manifestations that occur across the lifespan. This approach enables healthcare practitioners to implement targeted screening protocols, recognize early warning signs, and provide appropriate interventions or referrals to prevent progression of complications.

Pause and Reflect.