Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Oct 1;72(10):2837-2845.
doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx231.

Dynamics and phylogenetic relationships of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance according to subtype in Italy over the years 2000-14

L Fabeni  1 , C Alteri  2 , D Di Carlo  2 , N Orchi  1 , L Carioti  2 , A Bertoli  2 , C Gori  1 , F Forbici  1 , F Continenza  1 , G Maffongelli  3 , C Pinnetti  1 , A Vergori  1 , A Mondi  1 , A Ammassari  1 , V Borghi  4 , M Giuliani  5 , G De Carli  1 , S Pittalis  1 , S Grisetti  1 , A Pennica  6 , C M Mastroianni  7 , F Montella  8 , A Cristaudo  5 , C Mussini  4 , E Girardi  1 , M Andreoni  3 , A Antinori  1 , F Ceccherini-Silberstein  2 , C F Perno  1 , M M Santoro  2 ; SENDIH Study Group; SENDIH (Studio Epidemiologico Nuove Diagnosi Infezione da HIV) Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Free article

Dynamics and phylogenetic relationships of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance according to subtype in Italy over the years 2000-14

L Fabeni et al. J Antimicrob Chemother. .
Free article

Abstract

Background: Transmitted drug-resistance (TDR) remains a critical aspect for the management of HIV-1-infected individuals. Thus, studying the dynamics of TDR is crucial to optimize HIV care.

Methods: In total, 4323 HIV-1 protease/reverse-transcriptase sequences from drug-naive individuals diagnosed in north and central Italy between 2000 and 2014 were analysed. TDR was evaluated over time. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees with bootstrap and Bayesian-probability supports defined transmission clusters.

Results: Most individuals were males (80.2%) and Italian (72.1%), with a median (IQR) age of 37 (30-45) years. MSM accounted for 42.2% of cases, followed by heterosexuals (36.4%). Non-B subtype infections accounted for 30.8% of the overall population and increased over time (<2005-14: 19.5%-38.5%, P < 0.0001), particularly among Italians (<2005-14: 6.5%-28.8%, P < 0.0001). TDR prevalence was 8.8% and increased over time in non-B subtypes (<2005-14: 2%-7.1%, P = 0.018). Overall, 467 transmission clusters (involving 1207 individuals; 27.9%) were identified. The prevalence of individuals grouping in transmission clusters increased over time in both B (<2005-14: 12.9%-33.5%, P = 0.001) and non-B subtypes (<2005-14: 18.4%-41.9%, P = 0.006). TDR transmission clusters were 13.3% within the overall cluster observed and dramatically increased in recent years (<2005-14: 14.3%-35.5%, P = 0.005). This recent increase was mainly due to non-B subtype-infected individuals, who were also more frequently involved in large transmission clusters than those infected with a B subtype [median number of individuals in transmission clusters: 7 (IQR 6-19) versus 4 (3-4), P = 0.047].

Conclusions: The epidemiology of HIV transmission changed greatly over time; the increasing number of transmission clusters (sometimes with drug resistance) shows that detection and proper treatment of the multi-transmitters is a major target for controlling HIV spread.

PubMed Disclaimer

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances