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Review
. 2017:2017:7869802.
doi: 10.1155/2017/7869802. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Diagnostic, Predictive, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Molecular Biomarkers in Third Millennium: A Breakthrough in Gastric Cancer

Nicola Carlomagno  1 , Paola Incollingo  1 , Vincenzo Tammaro  1 , Gaia Peluso  1 , Niccolò Rupealta  1 , Gaetano Chiacchio  1 , Maria Laura Sandoval Sotelo  1 , Gianluca Minieri  1 , Antonio Pisani  2 , Eleonora Riccio  2 , Massimo Sabbatini  2 , Umberto Marcello Bracale  2 , Armando Calogero  1 , Concetta Anna Dodaro  1 , Michele Santangelo  1
Affiliations
Review

Diagnostic, Predictive, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Molecular Biomarkers in Third Millennium: A Breakthrough in Gastric Cancer

Nicola Carlomagno et al. Biomed Res Int. 2017.

Abstract

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer death. The clinical outcomes of the patients are still not encouraging with a low rate of 5 years' survival. Often the disease is diagnosed at advanced stages and this obviously negatively affects patients outcomes. A deep understanding of molecular basis of gastric cancer can lead to the identification of diagnostic, predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers.

Main body: This paper aims to give a global view on the molecular classification and mechanisms involved in the development of the tumour and on the biomarkers for gastric cancer. We discuss the role of E-cadherin, HER2, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), MET, human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), microsatellite instability (MSI), PD-L1, and TP53. We have also considered in this manuscript new emerging biomarkers as matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Conclusions: Identifying and validating diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic biomarkers will have a huge impact on patients outcomes as they will allow early detection of tumours and also guide the choice of a targeted therapy based on specific molecular features of the cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of gastric cancers on the base of their molecular features (2014).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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