Evolving role of FDG-PET/CT in prognostic evaluation of resectable gastric cancer

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Radical gastrectomy is the only potentially curative treatment, and perioperative adjuvant therapies may improve the prognosis after curative resection. Prognosis largely depends on the tumour stage and histology, but the host systemic inflammatory response (SIR) to GC may contribute as well, as has been determined for other malignancies. In GC patients, the potential utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the imaging radiopharmaceutical ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is still debated, due to its lower sensitivity in diagnosing and staging GC compared to other imaging modalities. There is, however, growing evidence that FDG uptake in the primary tumour and regional lymph nodes may be efficient for predicting prognosis of resected patients and for monitoring tumour response to perioperative treatments, having prognostic value in that it can change therapeutic strategies. Moreover, FDG uptake in bone marrow seems to be significantly associated with SIR to GC and to represent an efficient prognostic factor after curative surgery. In conclusion, PET/CT technology is efficient in GC patients, since it is useful to integrate other imaging modalities in staging tumours and may have prognostic value that can change therapeutic strategies. With ongoing improvements, PET/CT imaging may gain further importance in the management of GC patients.

Keywords: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; Bone marrow; Gastric cancer; Positron emission tomography-computed tomography; Prognosis.