A Proposed Classification System and Therapeutic Strategy for Chyle Leak After Laparoscopic Living-Donor Nephrectomy: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Objectives: Chyle leak or chylous ascites remains a rare complication after laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy. Its cause and management have not been well elucidated in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to review the incidence of chyle leak/chylous ascites after laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy in our institute and in the literature to propose a classification system with its associated treatment strategy.

Materilas and methods: In this retrospective review of laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy patients from January 2005 to April 2016, we identified patients with chyle leak/chylous ascites along with the care performed. A proposed classification system based on our experience and literature is described.

Results: Chylous leak developed in 4 donors (2.25%). Of the 4 donors, 3 were treated nonoperatively with diet modification and subcutaneous octreotide injection. One patient required surgical intervention after not responding to second-line therapy with total parenteral nutrition.

Conclusions: Chyle leak/chylous ascites after laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy is rare, but a delayed diagnosis may lead to morbidity secondary to malnutrition and immunosuppression. Meticulous surgical dissection is essential to seal the lymphatic tubes during laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy. The proposed classification system provides a practical and tailored guide to management based on the drainage volume of chyle leak and a guide to the earlier identification of refractory cases.