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Review
. 2017 Oct 23:7:248.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00248. eCollection 2017.

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Biology, Biomarkers, and Diagnosis

Kylie L Gorringe  1   2 , Stephen B Fox  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Biology, Biomarkers, and Diagnosis

Kylie L Gorringe et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an often-diagnosed breast disease and a known, non-obligate, precursor to invasive breast carcinoma. In this review, we explore the clinical and pathological features of DCIS, fundamental elements of DCIS biology including gene expression and genetic events, the relationship of DCIS with recurrence and invasive breast cancer, and the interaction of DCIS with the microenvironment. We also survey how these various elements are being used to solve the clinical conundrum of how to optimally treat a disease that has potential to progress, and yet is also likely over-treated in a significant proportion of cases.

Keywords: biomarkers; ductal carcinoma in situ; gene; invasive breast cancer; microenvironment; progression; recurrence.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
US National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) age-adjusted incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) compared to invasive breast cancer (IBC), relative to the rate of each observed in 1975, showing the dramatic increase in DCIS cases, without noticeable decrease in IBC cases (6).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different subtypes of ductal carcinoma in situ, including by mode of detection (top). Haematoxylin and eosin images.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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