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. 2017 Nov 6;7(4):15.
doi: 10.3390/jpm7040015.

Polymorphisms in FFAR4 (GPR120) Gene Modulate Insulin Levels and Sensitivity after Fish Oil Supplementation

Bastien Vallée Marcotte  1 , Hubert Cormier  2 , Iwona Rudkowska  3   4 , Simone Lemieux  5 , Patrick Couture  6   7 , Marie-Claude Vohl  8   9
Affiliations

Polymorphisms in FFAR4 (GPR120) Gene Modulate Insulin Levels and Sensitivity after Fish Oil Supplementation

Bastien Vallée Marcotte et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

The objective was to test whether FFAR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with glycemic control-related traits in humans following fish oil supplementation. A total of 210 participants were given 3 g/day of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) (1.9-2.2 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1.1 g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) during six weeks. Biochemical parameters were taken before and after the supplementation. Using the HapMap database and the tagger procedure in Haploview, 12 tagging SNPs in FFAR4 were selected and then genotyped using TaqMan technology. Transcript expression levels were measured for 30 participants in peripheral mononuclear blood cells. DNA methylation levels were measured for 35 participants in leukocytes. In silico analyses were also performed. Four gene-diet interactions on fasting insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values were found. rs17108973 explained a significant proportion of the variance of insulin levels (3.0%) and HOMA-IR (2.03%) index values. Splice site prediction was different depending on the allele for rs11187527. rs17108973 and rs17484310 had different affinity for transcription factors depending on the allele. n-3 FAs effectively improve insulin-related traits for major allele homozygotes of four FFAR4 SNPs as opposed to carriers of the minor alleles.

Keywords: Gene–diet interactions; epigenetics; glycemic control; insulin resistance; nutrigenenomics; omega-3 fatty acids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gene–diet interactions on the homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values. p-Values for differences in HOMA-IR changes between genotype groups: rs111887537, p = 0.015; rs17108973, p = 0.003; rs7081686, p = 0.0499; rs17484310, p = 0.038.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gene–diet interactions on fasting insulin levels. p-Values for differences in insulin changes between genotype groups: rs111887537, p = 0.0045; rs17108973, p = 0.0012; rs7081686, p = 0.018; rs17484310, p = 0.031.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Linkage disequilibrium plot of selected SNPs in the FFAR4 gene.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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