Prescribing Physical Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Adults

doi:10.3390/healthcare5040085

Review

. 2017 Nov 6;5(4):85.

doi: 10.3390/healthcare5040085.

Prescribing Physical Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Adults

Lachlan B McMillan¹, Ayse Zengin², Peter R Ebeling³, David Scott^{4

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. lachlan.mcmillan@monash.edu.
² School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. ayse.zengin@monash.edu.
³ School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. peter.ebeling@monash.edu.
⁴ School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. david.scott@monash.edu.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School (Western Campus), The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia. david.scott@monash.edu.
⁶ Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia. david.scott@monash.edu.

PMID: 29113119
PMCID: PMC5746719
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040085

Review

Prescribing Physical Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Adults

Lachlan B McMillan et al. Healthcare (Basel). 2017.

. 2017 Nov 6;5(4):85.

doi: 10.3390/healthcare5040085.

Authors

Lachlan B McMillan¹, Ayse Zengin², Peter R Ebeling³, David Scott^{4

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. lachlan.mcmillan@monash.edu.
² School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. ayse.zengin@monash.edu.
³ School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. peter.ebeling@monash.edu.
⁴ School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. david.scott@monash.edu.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School (Western Campus), The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia. david.scott@monash.edu.
⁶ Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia. david.scott@monash.edu.

PMID: 29113119
PMCID: PMC5746719
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040085

Abstract

Osteoporosis is an age-related disease, characterised by low bone mineral density (BMD) and compromised bone geometry and microarchitecture, leading to reduced bone strength. Physical activity (PA) has potential as a therapy for osteoporosis, yet different modalities of PA have varying influences on bone health. This review explores current evidence for the benefits of PA, and targeted exercise regimes for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in older adults. In particular, the outcomes of interventions involving resistance training, low- and high-impact weight bearing activities, and whole-body vibration therapy are discussed. Finally, we present recommendations for future research that may maximise the potential of exercise in primary and secondary prevention of osteoporosis in the ageing population.

Keywords: bone mineral density; exercise; osteoporosis; physical activity; resistance training; weight-bearing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest

Figures

**Figure 1**
Cellular mechanism of mechanotransduction with new osteoblast formation. Adapted from Turner & Pavalko (1998).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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1. Healy G.N., Wijndaele K., Dunstan D.W., Shaw J.E., Salmon J., Zimmet P.Z., Owen N. Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:369–371. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1795. - DOI - PubMed
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[1] Sallis R. Exercise is medicine: A call to action for physicians to assess and prescribe exercise. Phys. Sportsmed. 2015;43:22–26. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2015.1001938. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Sallis R. Exercise is medicine: A call to action for physicians to assess and prescribe exercise. Phys. Sportsmed. 2015;43:22–26. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2015.1001938. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Buchner D.M., Beresford S.A.A., Larson E.B., LaCroix A.Z., Wagner E.H. Effects of Physical Activity on Health Status in Older Adults II: Intervention Studies. Annu. Rev. Public Health. 1992;13:469–488. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.13.050192.002345. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Buchner D.M., Beresford S.A.A., Larson E.B., LaCroix A.Z., Wagner E.H. Effects of Physical Activity on Health Status in Older Adults II: Intervention Studies. Annu. Rev. Public Health. 1992;13:469–488. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.13.050192.002345. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Buchner D.M. Physical activity and quality of life in older adults. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1997;277:64–66. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540250072035. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Buchner D.M. Physical activity and quality of life in older adults. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1997;277:64–66. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540250072035. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Healy G.N., Wijndaele K., Dunstan D.W., Shaw J.E., Salmon J., Zimmet P.Z., Owen N. Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:369–371. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1795. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Healy G.N., Wijndaele K., Dunstan D.W., Shaw J.E., Salmon J., Zimmet P.Z., Owen N. Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:369–371. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1795. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Koster A., Caserotti P., Patel K.V., Matthews C.E., Berrigan D., van Domelen D.R., Brychta R.J., Chen K.Y., Harriset T.B. Association of Sedentary time with mortality independent of moderate to vigorous physical activity. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e37696. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037696. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Koster A., Caserotti P., Patel K.V., Matthews C.E., Berrigan D., van Domelen D.R., Brychta R.J., Chen K.Y., Harriset T.B. Association of Sedentary time with mortality independent of moderate to vigorous physical activity. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e37696. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037696. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Prescribing Physical Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Adults

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Prescribing Physical Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Adults

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