Common oral conditions and correlates: an oral health survey in Kwara State Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Oral diseases are one of the most prevalent health problems today with distribution and severity varying in different parts of the world and within the same country. Oral health surveys are needed to determine prevalence of oral conditions and the nature and urgency of oral health interventions. A modified version of World Health Organisation pathfinder survey methods was used to determine prevalence of oral conditions amongst 150 respondents in two local government areas in Kwara State, Nigeria. This involved a stratified cluster sampling technique which identified the subgroups; location and certain age groups 5-6, 12 and 35-44 years age groups respectively. Clinical oral examination was carried out to determine the presence and types of common oral conditions among the respondents. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Chi square analysis at 5% level of significance.

Results: Among all the selected subjects 91.3% had an oral condition, while for the rural and urban population it was 93.3 and 89.3% respectively (p > 0.05). The most prevalent oral conditions were plaque and surface calculus found in 66.0% of the respondents respectively. Others are gingivitis (30.0%), enamel wear (15.0%) and dental caries (13.0%). The mean decayed missing filled teeth index was 0.26. The decayed missing filled teeth index did not show any significant difference between the rural and urban areas or male and female gender. The presence of calculus (p = 0.005) and gingivitis (0.015) was more in males than females. The presence of plaque (0.001) and calculus (0.006) was significantly more among the skilled workforce. The 12 year age group had significantly more cases of plaque, calculus and gingivitis while there were more cases of enamel wear among the 35-44 year olds compared with other age groups. There were more cases of trauma (87.5%) seen in urban than rural location (p = 0.029).

Conclusion: Oral health in selected communities of Kwara State is suboptimal requiring intervention. The presence of oral conditions is influenced by age, occupation, location and gender.

Keywords: Decayed missing filled teeth index; Oral conditions; Prevalence; Socio-demographic factors.