Clinical and ultrasonographic enthesopathy in inflammatory rheumatic diseases : Is MASEI or only calcaneal enthesitis sufficient?

Abstract

Aim: We aimed at investigating the ultrasonographic (US) and clinical prevalence of enthesopathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and axial spondyloarthropathy (SpA), as well as the correlation between this condition and disease activity, along with the quality of life.

Methods: Included in the study were 30 axial SpA, 21 patients with RA, and 25 healthy cases. Bath Anklylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL), Disease activity index 28 (DAS28), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were used for clinical evaluation, and enthesal pain was evaluated by VAS, whereas enthesitis US evaluation was performed by using the MAdrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI). A total of 152 knees, ankles, and elbow regions of all patients and controls were examined by US.

Results: Total scores of physical examination of enthesitis were 1.97 ± 2.68 in axial SpA, 2.43 ± 1.80 in RA, and 0.23 ± 0.12 in the control groups. No statistically significant difference was identified in the enthesitis examination between axial SpA and RA groups (p = 0.123). According to the MASEI, no significant difference was observed in quadriceps tendon enthesitis or in distal patellar ligament enthesitis between axial SpA and RA groups (MASEI 3, 4, 5: p = 0.993, p = 0.124, p = 0.652). Aside from those points, axial SpA patients had statistically higher enthesitis scores at all MASEI enthesitis points (p < 0.05). In the axial SpA group, a significant and positive correlation was identified between BASDAI scores and total scores of enthesitis physical examination and MASEI total scores (r = 0.739, p = 0.0001, r = 0.516, p = 0.002). A moderately significant correlation was identified between ASQoL total scores and MASEI total scores (r = 0.466, p = 0.006), but not between the HAQ total scores and MASEI total scores (r = 0.213, p = 0.065).

Conclusions: Compared to RA, US and clinical examination of enthesitis in patients with axial SpA should focus on the calcaneal enthesitis region. In axial SpA, ultrasonographic enthesitis is associated with impaired quality of life.

Keywords: Joints; Rheumatoid arthritis; Spondyloarthropathies; Tendons; Ultrasound imaging.