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Review
. 2017 Oct;7(4):276-283.
doi: 10.1159/000475846. Epub 2017 Jun 24.

The Role of Endotoxin in the Setting of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 5

Anna Clementi  1   2 , Grazia Maria Virzì  1   3 , Alessandra Brocca  1   3   4 , Claudio Ronco  1   3
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Endotoxin in the Setting of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 5

Anna Clementi et al. Cardiorenal Med. 2017 Oct.

Abstract

Lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, the major cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. It is able to activate the host defense system through the interaction with Toll-like receptor 4, thus triggering pro-inflammatory mechanisms. When the production of inflammatory mediators becomes uncontrolled and excessive, septic shock develops with multiple organ dysfunction, such as myocardial and renal impairment, which are hallmarks of cardiorenal syndrome type 5. In this review, we will analyze the role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of sepsis, its effects on cardiac and renal interactions in the setting of cardiorenal syndrome type 5 and the possible use of extracorporeal therapies in this clinical condition.

Keywords: Cardiorenal syndrome type 5; Endotoxin; Lipopolysaccharide.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
LPS and TLR4 interactions in CRS type 5.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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