Interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis of resin-dentin interface of self-adhering flowable resin composite

Abstract

Background: The newly introduced self-adhering flowable resin-composites decrease the required time for application by incorporation of an acidic adhesive monomer, thus reducing the number of steps, but its bonding is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis at the resin-dentin interface of a self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise™Flow Self-Adhering Flowable Composite, Kerr Dental, USA) versus a total-etch (Te-Econom Plus) resin composite, using an etching agent (Eco-Etch gel) and bonding agent (Single Bond Universal). Methods: Sixteen freshly extracted sound human posterior teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: 8 specimens per type of composite. Standard-shaped class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface. One group was restored by Te-Econom Plus resin composite by total-etch technique using Eco-Etch gel, which was applied to dentine for 15 seconds, followed by rinsing, drying and bonding agent application (Single Bond Universal). The other group restored directly with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) without application of etch or bond. Curing was done for 20 seconds using a light emitting diode light curing unit. Evaluation of the resin-dentin interface was done microscopically by examination of marginal gap distance in μm using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and chemical analysis of silver particles was observed using SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry after 24 hours of specimen storage in ammoniacal silver nitrate. Results: Regarding marginal gap distance (µm) and silver atomic % mean values, teeth restored with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) showed significantly higher mean values than the multi-step etch and rinse resin composite group (5.2 vs 0; 12.2 vs 8.2, respectively). Conclusions: Resin-dentin bonding using total-etch resin composite technique was more effective than self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise-Flow) regarding marginal gap formation and penetration of silver particles. Further studies for bond strength could be performed.

Keywords: Self-adhering; bonding system; gap distance; resin composite; resin-dentin interface; total-etch.

Figure 1.. Selected scanning electron microscopy shows absence of gap formation in dentin for teeth treated with total-etch technique.

Image representative of 8 teeth.

Figure 2.. Selected scanning electron microscopy shows presence of gap formation in dentin for teeth treated with a self-adhering resin composite.

Image representative of 8 teeth.

Figure 3.. Selected scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis at the resin-superficial dentin interfaces in teeth treated with total-etch technique.

Image representative of 8 teeth.

Figure 4.. Selected scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis at the resin-superficial dentin interface in teeth treated with self-adhering resin composite.

Image representative of 8 teeth.