Influence of antithrombotic agents on recurrence rate and clinical outcome in patients operated for chronic subdural hematoma

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common pathology encountered in neurosurgical practice, especially in elderly patients, who frequently require antithrombotic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of antithrombotic agents on recurrence rates and clinical outcomes in patients operated for cSDH.

Methods: A cohort of patients operated for cSDH at one center during a 5 years period was analyzed retrospectively. Presenting symptoms, coagulation testing, history of antithrombotic agents and comorbidities were obtained from the patient charts. The standard neurosurgical procedure was a single burr hole under local anesthesia with insertion of a subdural drainage. Questionnaires and telephone interviews were used to assess the clinical outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Good outcome was defined as mRS 0 to 3 and poor outcome as mRS 4 to 6.

Results: 201 patients with cSDH underwent initial surgical treatment and were enrolled in the study. The median follow-up was 81 weeks. 41 patients (20.4%) were on antiplatelet drug and 43 (21.4%) were on phenprocoumon. A recurrent hematoma required surgery in 37 patients (18.4%). A poor outcome was seen in 36 patients (17.9%). Each of older age and administration of phenprocoumon at admission was an independent risk factor predictive of poor outcome, (p=0.001 and p=0.031, respectively)) Administration of antithrombotic agents had no impact on hematoma recurrence.

Conclusion: Administration of phenprocoumon and older age might increase the risk of poor outcome in patients with cSDH. Neither the administration of phenprocoumon nor antiplatelet drug influenced the recurrence rate of subdural hematoma in our patient cohort.

Keywords: Anticoagulant drug; Antiplatelet drug; Chronic subdural hematoma; Fenprocumón; Fármacos anti-coagulantes; Fármacos anti-plaquetarios; Hematoma recurrente; Hematoma subdural crónico; Phenprocoumon; Recurrent hematoma.