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. 2017 Oct-Dec;23(4):372-378.
doi: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_84_17.

Effect of Expressed Breast Milk versus Swaddling versus Oral Sucrose Administration on Pain Associated with Suctioning in Preterm Neonates on Assisted Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Saumil Desai  1 , Ruchi Nimish Nanavati  1 , Rohit Nathani  1 , Nandkishor Kabra  1
Affiliations

Effect of Expressed Breast Milk versus Swaddling versus Oral Sucrose Administration on Pain Associated with Suctioning in Preterm Neonates on Assisted Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Saumil Desai et al. Indian J Palliat Care. 2017 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the pain associated with suctioning in preterm neonates on assisted ventilation and comparing the use of expressed breast milk (EBM), sucrose, and swaddling to alleviate pain.

Methods: Study design: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Inclusion criteria: Preterm neonates on assisted ventilation.

Exclusion criteria: Major congenital anomalies and severe encephalopathy.

Study duration and site: 6 months in level III neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In the first phase, we used premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score to assess pain associated with suctioning in preterm neonates on assisted ventilation. In the second phase, the effect of EBM, swaddling, and sucrose on pain relief during suctioning in neonates on assisted ventilation was assessed.

Results: There was a significant increase in pain associated with suctioning in preterm neonates on assisted ventilation (preprocedure PIPP score 7.90 ± 2.50; procedural PIPP score 13.63 ± 2.57; P < 0.05). The postintervention mean procedural PIPP score was not significantly different between the EBM, swaddling, and sucrose groups (P = 0.24).

Conclusions: Suctioning is painful for preterm neonates on assisted ventilation. There was no difference between EBM, swaddling, and sucrose in relieving pain associated with suctioning.

Keywords: Expressed breast milk; neonates; pain; sucrose; suctioning; swaddling.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of premature infant pain profile score before and during the suctioning procedure (Phase 1)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow diagram of the recruitment and randomization process
Figure 3
Figure 3
Premature infant pain profile score comparison of expressed breast milk (Group 1) versus swaddling (Group 2) versus sucrose (Group 3) preprocedure, procedural, and difference (Phase 2)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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