Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Clinical Trial
. 2018 Jan-Feb;11(1):190-203.
doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.015. Epub 2017 Oct 27.

Responders to rTMS for depression show increased fronto-midline theta and theta connectivity compared to non-responders

N W Bailey  1 , K E Hoy  2 , N C Rogasch  3 , R H Thomson  2 , S McQueen  2 , D Elliot  2 , C M Sullivan  2 , B D Fulcher  3 , Z J Daskalakis  4 , P B Fitzgerald  5
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Responders to rTMS for depression show increased fronto-midline theta and theta connectivity compared to non-responders

N W Bailey et al. Brain Stimul. 2018 Jan-Feb.

Abstract

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for depression, but only some individuals respond. Predicting response could reduce patient and clinical burden. Neural activity related to working memory (WM) has been related to mood improvements, so may represent a biomarker for response prediction.

Primary hypotheses: We expected higher theta and alpha activity in responders compared to non-responders to rTMS.

Methods: Fifty patients with treatment resistant depression and twenty controls performed a WM task while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Patients underwent 5-8 weeks of rTMS treatment, repeating the EEG at week 1 (W1). Of the 39 participants with valid WM-related EEG data from baseline and W1, 10 were responders. Comparisons between responders and non-responders were made at baseline and W1 for measures of theta (4-8 Hz), upper alpha (10-12.5 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz) power, connectivity, and theta-gamma coupling. The control group's measures were compared to the depression group's baseline measures separately.

Results: Responders showed higher levels of WM-related fronto-midline theta power and theta connectivity compared to non-responders at baseline and W1. Responder's fronto-midline theta power and connectivity was similar to controls. Responders also showed an increase in gamma connectivity from baseline to W1, with a concurrent improvement in mood and WM reaction times. An unbiased combination of all measures provided mean sensitivity of 0.90 at predicting responders and specificity of 0.92 in a predictive machine learning algorithm.

Conclusion: Baseline and W1 fronto-midline theta power and theta connectivity show good potential for predicting response to rTMS treatment for depression.

Keywords: Alpha; Electroencephalography; Response prediction; Theta; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Treatment resistant depression.

PubMed Disclaimer

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources