Application of Materials as Medical Devices with Localized Drug Delivery Capabilities for Enhanced Wound Repair

Abstract

The plentiful assortment of natural and synthetic materials can be leveraged to accommodate diverse wound types, as well as different stages of the healing process. An ideal material is envisioned to promote tissue repair with minimal inconvenience for patients. Traditional materials employed in the clinical setting often invoke secondary complications, such as infection, pain, foreign body reaction, and chronic inflammation. This review surveys the repertoire of surgical sutures, wound dressings, surgical glues, orthopedic fixation devices and bone fillers with drug eluting capabilities. It highlights the various techniques developed to effectively incorporate drugs into the selected material or blend of materials for both soft and hard tissue repair. The mechanical and chemical attributes of the resultant materials are also discussed, along with their biological outcomes in vitro and/or in vivo. Perspectives and challenges regarding future research endeavors are also delineated for next-generation wound repair materials.

Keywords: Drug delivery; Material; Medical device; Wound repair.

Figure 1

Representative schematic images of medical devices for soft tissue repair: (A) surgical suture, (B) surgical glue, and (C) wound dressing.

Figure 2

Representative schematic images of medical devices for hard tissue repair: (A) orthopedic fixation device with pins affixed to bone and (B) bone filler. Illustrations were adapted from ChemBioDraw (version 14.0, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA)