Sport Sampling Is Associated With Improved Landing Technique in Youth Athletes

Abstract

Background: Sport sampling is recommended to promote fundamental movement skill acquisition and physical activity. In contrast, sport specialization is associated with musculoskeletal injury risk, burnout, and attrition from sport. There is limited evidence to support the influence of sport sampling on neuromuscular control, which is associated with injury risk, in youth athletes.

Hypothesis: Athletes who participated in only 1 sport during the previous year would demonstrate higher Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores than their counterparts.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Methods: A total of 355 youth athletes (age range, 8-14 years) completed a test session with a jump-landing task, which was evaluated using the LESS. Participants were categorized as single sport (SS) or multisport (MS) based on their self-reported sport participation in the past year. Their duration of sport sampling (low, moderate, high) was determined based on their sport participation history. Participants were dichotomized into good (LESS <5) or poor (LESS ≥5) categories. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate for the association between control category (good, poor) and participation (MS, SS), as well as sport-sampling duration (low, moderate, high).

Results: The MS group was 2.5 times (95% CI, 1.9-3.1) as likely to be categorized as having good control compared with the SS group (χ²₍₃₅₅₎ = 10.10, P < 0.01). Recreational participants in the "high" sport-sampling duration group were 5.8 times (95% CI, 3.1-8.5) and 5.4 times (95% CI, 4.0-6.8) as likely to be categorized as having good control compared with the moderate and low groups (χ²₍₂₁₆₎ = 11.20, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Sport sampling at a young age is associated with improved neuromuscular control, which may reduce injury risk in youth athletes.

Clinical relevance: Youth athletes should be encouraged to try participating in multiple sports to enhance their neuromuscular control and promote long-term physical activity.

Keywords: injury risk; physical literacy; sport diversification; sport sampling; sport specialization.

Figure 1.

Neuromuscular control (good, poor) in (a) single-sport participants and (b) multisport participants.

Figure 2.

Neuromuscular control category (good, poor) by sport-sampling exposure group (low, moderate, high) in (a) recreational athletes and (b) elite athletes. ^*Significant association (c2(216) = 11.20, P < 0.01).