Gallbladder Dysfunction: Cholecystitis, Choledocholithiasis, Cholangitis, and Biliary Dyskinesia

Abstract

The prevalence of gallstones is 10% to 15% in adults. Individuals with acute cholecystitis present with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis. Management includes supportive care and cholecystectomy. The prevalence of choledocholithiasis is 10% to 20%, and serious complications include cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis. The goal of management in individuals with choledocholithiasis consists of clearing common bile duct stones. Acute ascending cholangitis is a life-threatening condition involving acute inflammation and infection of the common bile duct. Treatment includes intravenous fluids, analgesia, intravenous antibiotics, and biliary drainage and decompression. Biliary dyskinesia includes motility disorders resulting in biliary colic in the absence of gallstones.

Keywords: Acute cholecystitis; Ascending cholangitis; Biliary dyskinesia; Choledocholithiasis; Cholelithiasis; Functional gallbladder disorder; Sphincter of Oddi disorders.