Penile Sparing Surgery for Penile Cancer: A Multicenter International Retrospective Cohort

Abstract

Purpose: We evaluated recurrence outcomes of penile sparing surgery in what is to our knowledge the largest multicenter cohort of patients to date.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively identified patients treated with penile sparing surgery from May 1990 to July 2016 at 5 tertiary referral institutions. Treatments consisted of circumcision, wide local excision, laser therapy with or without local excision, partial or total glansectomy and glans resurfacing. The study primary end point was local recurrence-free survival, defined from initial treatment to time of local recurrence and estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: After applying study exclusion criteria 1,188 patients were included in analysis. During the median followup of 43.0 months there were 252 local recurrences (21.2%), of which 99 (39.3%) developed in year 1. Median time to local recurrence was 16.3 months and the 5-year local recurrence-free survival incidence was 73.6%. When stratified by stage, the 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate was 75.0%, 71.4% and 75.9% in Ta/Tis, T1 and T2 cases, respectively (log rank p = 0.748). Of the recurrences 58.3% were treated with repeat organ sparing procedures and the secondary partial (total) penectomy rate was 19.0%. Only margin status was significantly associated with local recurrence on multivariate analysis (p = 0.001). Study limitations included the retrospective design and the heterogeneous clinical approach.

Conclusions: Penile sparing surgery can provide excellent local control for superficial penile tumors as well as for appropriately selected invasive lesions. Strict followup in the early postoperative period is highly recommended.

Keywords: carcinoma; local; mortality; neoplasm recurrence; organ sparing treatments; penile neoplasms; squamous cell.