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. 2017 Dec 14;35(49 Pt B):6893-6897.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.019. Epub 2017 Nov 11.

Differential gene expression elicited by children in response to the 2015-16 live attenuated versus inactivated influenza vaccine

Kelly Stefano Cole  1 , Judith M Martin  2 , William T Horne  2 , Chyongchiou J Lin  3 , Mary Patricia Nowalk  3 , John F Alcorn  2 , Richard K Zimmerman  4
Affiliations

Differential gene expression elicited by children in response to the 2015-16 live attenuated versus inactivated influenza vaccine

Kelly Stefano Cole et al. Vaccine. .

Abstract

Background: In recent influenza seasons, the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has not demonstrated the same level of vaccine effectiveness as that observed among children who received the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). To better understand this difference, this study compared the mRNA sequencing transcription profile (RNA seq) in children who received either IIV or LAIV.

Methods: Children 3-17years of age receiving quadrivalent influenza vaccine were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on Day 0 prior to vaccination and again on Day 7 (range 6-10days) following vaccination. Total RNA was isolated from PAXgene tubes and sequenced for a custom panel of 89 transcripts using the TruSeq Targeted RNA Expression method. Fold differences in normalized RNA seq counts from Day 0 to Day 7 were calculated, log2 transformed and compared between the two vaccine groups.

Results: Of 72 children, 46 received IIV and 26 received LAIV. Following IIV vaccination, 7 genes demonstrated significant differential expression at Day 7 (down-regulated). In contrast, following LAIV vaccination, 8 genes demonstrated significant differential expression at Day 7 (5 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated). Only two genes demonstrated similar patterns of regulation in both groups.

Conclusions: Differential regulation of genes was observed between 2015-16 LAIV and IIV recipients. These results help to elucidate the immune response to influenza vaccines and may be related to the difference in vaccine effectiveness observed in recent years between LAIV and IIV.

Keywords: Antibodies; Influenza vaccine; RNA sequencing.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential Conflict of Interest: Drs. Zimmerman has research funding from Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. Pfizer, Inc. and Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Lin has research funding from Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. and Merck & Co, Inc. Dr. Nowalk has research funding from Pfizer, Inc. and Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Alcorn has research funding from MedImmune, LLC and Merck & Co.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Heat maps of RNA-seq responses to IIV and LAIV
Heat maps representing differential expression of genes between Day 0 (pre) and Day 7 (post) vaccination based on P<0.05. IIV = inactivated influenza vaccine; LAIV = live attenuated influenza vaccine
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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