Effect of S. Mutans and S. Sanguinis on Growth and Adhesion of P. Gingivalis and Their Ability to Adhere to Different Dental Materials

Abstract

BACKGROUND Caries and periodontal diseases are caused by the biofilm formed by caries- and periodontal disease-related bacteria. Specific biofilms could be formed on different filling materials in oral cavity. Thus, to explore the inhibition effect of restorative filling materials on biofilm formation is of great significance in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS The supernatants of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and P. gingivalis suspension were combined with BHI broth. After 24 h, the live P. gingivalis number was calculated by colony counting and the biofilm was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. To test the adhesive ability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis on different dental materials, the biofilm was formed on different dental materials and then the bacterial number was calculated by using a Spectramax 250 microplate reader at OD 550, and the adhesive ability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis on different dental materials was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis was significantly inhibited by S. mutans and S. sanguinis supernatants (P<0.05). All groups except the zinc phosphate cement group (B) exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sanguinis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The supernatants of S. mutans and S. sanguinis significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis, and the adhesive ability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis are different on different dental materials. These results provide useful information on dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental materials.

Figure 1

The adhesion/biofilm formation (IOD) of Pg grown in the presence of Sm and Ss supernatants. Data are expressed as the mean ±SD, * P<0.05.

Figure 2

The effect of supernatants on Pg biofilm formation. Bacteria are stained with BacLight Live/Dead staining kit: (A) S. mutans, (B) S. sanguis, (C) control.

Figure 3

Viable Sm and Ss in the biofilms on different materials (A – nanoparticle resin composite Filtek Z350, B – Zinc phosphate cement, C – glass ionomer cement, D – Infiltrant resin, E – mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), F – iRoot SP root canal sealer, G – iRoot BP root canal sealer, H – iRoot FS root canal sealer, I – AH Plus sealer). Data are expressed as the mean ±SD, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01.

Figure 4

SEM images of the biofilm of P. gingivalis co-cultured with supernatants of S. mutans (1) and S. sanguis (2). (A – nanoparticle resin composite Filtek Z350, B – zinc phosphate cement, C – glass ionomer cement, D – infiltrant resin, E – mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), F – iRoot SP root canal sealer, G – iRoot BP root canal sealer, H – iRoot FS root canal sealer, I – AH Plus sealer).