Characterization of children with recurrent eczema herpeticum and response to treatment with interferon-gamma

Abstract

Background/objectives: Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) has been used treat severe atopic dermatitis, with equivocal results. Recurrent eczema herpeticum is an underappreciated, therapeutically challenging complication of severe atopic dermatitis. Defects in IFN-γ and other cytokine pathways have been identified in individuals with confirmed eczema herpeticum. This suggests possible benefit from IFN-γ treatment for confirmed eczema herpeticum. The objective of the current study was to evaluate immunologic and microbial parameters and response to IFN-γ treatment in children with confirmed eczema herpeticum.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records from eight children with confirmed eczema herpeticum and two children with severe atopic dermatitis without a history of eczema herpeticum treated with subcutaneous IFN-γ.

Results: Our cohort of children with confirmed eczema herpeticum was predominantly male and had high total serum immunoglobulin E, evidence of insufficient toll-like receptor responses, and streptococcal skin and pharyngeal colonization. The duration of IFN-γ administration was 4.5-25 months. Five children had initial control and then relapse. Three had interval flares. Two had no improvement. Injections were well tolerated, without significant adverse effects. Treatment was associated with an increase in total immunoglobulin E. Poor adherence complicated therapy in five patients. All 10 discontinued IFN-γ for poor perceived efficacy.

Conclusion: Children with confirmed eczema herpeticum have evidence of impaired innate and adaptive immunity. IFN-γ did not result in dramatic improvement in either subset. Specific evaluation for IFN-γ production, function, or receptor defects may help predict response.

Keywords: atopic dermatitis; eczema.