Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Nov 16:359:j5064.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5064.

Diabetic foot

Satish Chandra Mishra  1 , Kunal C Chhatbar  2 , Aditi Kashikar  3 , Abha Mehndiratta  4
Affiliations

Diabetic foot

Satish Chandra Mishra et al. BMJ. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ policy on declaration of interests and declare the following: SM, KC, and AK were members of the guideline development group for the standard treatment guideline on the diabetic foot: prevention and management in India, 2016 published by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, government of India. AM provided technical input on methodology to this guideline development group.

Figures

None
Fig 1 Risk factors and mechanism for foot ulcer and amputation
None
Fig 2 Gangrene and ulcer in foot at high risk (previous toe amputation)
None
Fig 3 Hammer toe deformity with callus and ulcer. Hammer toe is caused by weakened muscles in the foot. The joint connecting the foot with the toe bends upwards (metatarsophalangeal extension) and the joint in middle of the toe bends downwards towards the floor (proximal interphalangeal flexion). This results in the toe curling under the foot and being subjected to excessive ground reaction forces during walking.
None
Fig 4 Monofilament test: testing sites and application. The nine plantar sites are the distal great toe; third toe; fifth toe; first, third, and fifth metatarsal heads; medial foot, lateral foot, and heel; and one dorsal site
None
Fig 5 Offloading footwear reduces pressure on a specific part of the foot to allow an ulcer on that part to heal or to prevent new ulcers. The top figure shows footwear that reduced pressure on the forefoot and the footwear shown underneath allows pressure on the heel to be offloaded
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Zhang P, Lu J, Jing Y, Tang S, Zhu D, Bi Y. Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis (†). Ann Med 2017;49:106-16. 10.1080/07853890.2016.1231932 pmid:27585063. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Schaper NC, Apelqvist J, Bakker K. The international consensus and practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot. Curr Diab Rep 2003;3:475-9. 10.1007/s11892-003-0010-4 pmid:14611743. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jeffcoate W, Bakker K. World Diabetes Day: footing the bill. Lancet 2005;365:1527 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66437-9 pmid:15866295. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lazzarini PA, Hurn SE, Fernando ME, et al. Prevalence of foot disease and risk factors in general inpatient populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2015;5:e008544 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008544 pmid:26597864. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Singh N, Armstrong DG, Lipsky BA. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA 2005;293:217-28. 10.1001/jama.293.2.217 pmid:15644549. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types