Motor axon guidance in Drosophila

Abstract

The Drosophila motor system starts to assemble during embryonic development. It is composed of 30 muscles per abdominal hemisegment and 36 motor neurons assembling into nerve branches to exit the CNS, navigate within the muscle field and finally establish specific connections with their target muscles. Several families of guidance molecules that play a role controlling this process as well as transcriptional regulators that program the behavior of specific motor neuron have been identified. In this review we summarize the role of both groups of molecules in the motor system as well as their relationship where known. It is apparent that partially redundant guidance protein families and membrane molecules with different functional output direct guidance decisions cooperatively. Some distinct transcriptional regulators seem to control guidance of specific nerve branches globally directing the expression of groups of pathfinding molecules in all motor neurons within the same motor branch.

Keywords: Axon guidance; Beaten path; Drosophila; Frazzled; Guidance receptor; Motoneuron; Motor neuron; Motor system; Netrin; Plexin; Receptor protein phosphatase; Robo; Sema; Sidestep; Slit; Transcription; Unc-5.