Early and late outcomes of open repair for dissecting aneurysms of the descending or thoraco-abdominal aorta

Abstract

Objectives: Although open repair is the standard surgical option for dissecting descending thoracic aneurysms (DTAs) and thoraco-abdominal aorta aneurysms (TAAAs), it remains a significant challenge with considerable perioperative morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively analysed early and late outcomes of open repair for these aortic aneurysms.

Methods: Early and late outcomes were investigated for 223 consecutive patients who underwent open repair for dissecting DTA or TAAA between January 2003 and December 2014 (mean age 55 ± 16 years). The basic strategy for open surgery comprised liberal use of deep hypothermia and aggressive preservation or reattachment of intercostal arteries, i.e. donor arteries for the artery of Adamkiewicz.

Results: Deep hypothermia was used in 150 (67.3%) patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 3.6% and 1.5% for elective cases. The rates of spinal cord ischaemic injury and stroke were 3.1% and 4.5%, respectively. During follow-up (mean 63 ± 40 months), overall 5-year survival rates was 89.2 ± 2.4% and 91.3 ± 2.8% and 86.3 ± 4.1% for DTA and TAAA, respectively. Five- and 10-year rates of freedom from aortic events, defined as surgery for initial operation-related events or for downstream aortic dilation, were 89.1 ± 3.5% and 68.2 ± 7.8% for DTA and 100% and 96.6 ± 3.4% for TAAA, respectively (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Our approach in treating this aortic pathology showed favourable early and long-term outcomes with acceptable neurological complication rates. More careful follow-up is necessary in patients with DTA repair, because downstream aortic enlargement occurs in some patients.

Keywords: Aortic dissection; Descending aorta; Open surgery; Thoraco-abdominal aorta.