Lower dietary phosphorus supply in pigs match both animal welfare aspects and resource efficiency

Abstract

Dietary phosphorus frequently exceeds age-specific requirements and pig manure often contains high phosphorus load which causes environmental burden at regional scales. Therefore, feeding strategies towards improved phosphorus efficiency and reduced environmental phosphorus load have to be developed. A 5-week feeding trial was conducted: piglets received medium, lower (-25%), or higher (+25%) amounts of phosphorus and calcium. Dietary responses were reflected by performance parameters, bone characteristics, and molecular data retrieved from serum, intestinal mucosa, and kidney cortex (p < 0.05). Transcripts associated with vitamin D hydroxylation (Cyp24A1, Cyp27A1, Cyp27B1) were regulated by diet at local tissue sites. Low-fed animals showed attempts to maintain mineral homoeostasis via intrinsic mechanisms, whereas the high-fed animals adapted at the expense of growth and development. Results suggest that a diet containing low phosphorus and calcium levels might be useful to improve resource efficiency and to reduce phosphorus losses along the agricultural value chain.

Keywords: Calcium–phosphorus ratio; Gene expression; Growth; Phosphorus efficiency; Pig; Vitamin D.

Fig. 1

The flow of calcium and P from diet to animal products and slurry

Fig. 2

Heatmap displaying Pearson correlation coefficients comprise performance traits and serum measurements. The diagonals summarise significant alterations indicated in Tables 1 and 2