Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Nov 21;10(1):48.
doi: 10.1186/s12284-017-0187-9.

Delineation of Inheritance Pattern of Aleurone Layer Colour Through Chemical Tests in Rice

Chandu Singh  1   2 , Sripathy K V  3 , Jeevan Kumar S P  3 , Bhojaraja Naik K  3 , Govind Pal  3 , Udaya Bhaskar K  3 , Ramesh K V  3 , Somasundaram G  3
Affiliations

Delineation of Inheritance Pattern of Aleurone Layer Colour Through Chemical Tests in Rice

Chandu Singh et al. Rice (N Y). .

Abstract

Background: Rice aleurone layer develops different colours with various chemical tests that may help to develop some rapid tests for identification/grouping of rice varieties. Understanding the colour inheritance pattern could enable to develop chemical clues that may help for genetic purity analysis along with grow-out-test.

Results: In this study, inheritance pattern of aleurone layer colour was studied in parents, F1 and F2 progenies derived from the crosses IR 36 × Acc. No. 2693 and IR 64 × Acc. No. 2693. The parent IR 36 showed light yellow (NaOH/KOH) and brown (phenol/modified phenol test) colour; whereas, Acc. No. 2693 revealed wine red/dark wine red (NaOH/KOH) and light brown colour/no reaction (phenol/modified phenol test). In contrary, another parent IR 64 exhibited light yellow (KOH/NaOH) and dark brown (phenol, modified phenol) colour. Both the F1 showed an intermediate light wine red colour (NaOH/KOH) and dark brown (phenol and modified phenol) colour, which is dominant over their one of the parents. The colour pattern with standard phenol/modified phenol, NaOH and KOH tests in F2 progenies of both the crosses showed 9:7 (complementary gene interaction) and 11:5 ratios (reciprocal dominance modification of recessive alleles), respectively.

Conclusions: Our findings clearly elucidate the colour inheritance pattern in rice that may facilitate to develop rapid chemical tests to identify/ group the varieties for genetic purity analysis.

Keywords: Aleurone layer; Alleles; Complementary gene action; Duplicate gene action; Rice.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cross section of rice kernel derived from IR 64 (coloured) and Acc. No. 2693 after subjection to phenol test. Phenol staining of the Aleurone Layer (AL) of paddy. Paddy Kernel cross section of IR 64 (a) & Acc. No. 2693 (b) in 4% phenol solution
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Colour formation in aleurone layer of parents IR 36 (brown colour), Acc. No. 2693 (light brown/no reaction) and their F1 progeny (brown colour) with phenol and modified phenol tests
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Colour formation in aleurone layer of parents IR 64 (dark brown colour), Acc. No. 2693 (light brown/No reaction) and their F1 progeny (dark brown colour) with phenol and modified phenol tests
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Complementary gene interaction in the development of aleurone layer colour through standard phenol and modified phenol tests in rice seed giving rise to the phenotypic ratio of 9:7 (brown/dark brown: light brown/no reaction) in F2 progenies
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Mechanism of melanin colour formation in seed aleurone layer using enzyme system upon reaction with phenol test
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Dominance modification of duplicate genes leading to a 11:5 phenotypic ratio in the F2 progenies for the presence of wine red / dark wine red and light yellow/no reaction colouration of aleurone layer of rice seed with NaOH and KOH tests
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Anitalakshmi V, Gowda R, Sathisha CS, Prasad R. Varietal response to various chemical tests for their characterization in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Indian J Plant Sci. 2014;3(2):177–179.
    1. Banerjee SK, Chandra R. Modified phenol test for the varietal identification of wheat seed. Seed Sci Technol. 1977;5:53–60.
    1. Biradar Patil NK, Sangeeta M, Motagi BN, Vijaykumar AG, Hanchinal RR (2006) Characterization of safflower varieties through chemical tests. Abst.XII Nation. Seed Sem, 24–26 February, ANGRAU, Hyderabad, pp.168
    1. Cabaj J, Sołoducho J, Nowakowska-Oleksy A. Langmuir-Blodgett film based biosensor for estimation of phenol derivatives. Sensors Actuators B. 2010;143(2):508–515. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.09.047. - DOI
    1. Chakrabarthy SK, Agrawal RL. Identification of black gram varieties-III: utilization of seedling growth response to added chemicals. Seed Res. 1990;18(1):34–39.

LinkOut - more resources