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. 2018 Feb;25(2):520-527.
doi: 10.1245/s10434-017-6236-1. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

A Novel T-Stage Classification System for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Proposal from the US Adrenocortical Carcinoma Study Group

Caroline E Poorman  1 , Cecilia G Ethun  1 , Lauren M Postlewait  1 , Thuy B Tran  2 , Jason D Prescott  3 , Timothy M Pawlik  3 , Tracy S Wang  4 , Jason Glenn  4 , Ioannis Hatzaras  5 , Rivfka Shenoy  5 , John E Phay  6 , Kara Keplinger  6 , Ryan C Fields  7 , Linda X Jin  7 , Sharon M Weber  8 , Ahmed Salem  8 , Jason K Sicklick  9 , Shady Gad  9 , Adam C Yopp  10 , John C Mansour  10 , Quan-Yang Duh  11 , Natalie Seiser  11 , Carmen C Solórzano  12 , Colleen M Kiernan  12 , Konstantinos I Votanopoulos  13 , Edward A Levine  13 , Charles A Staley  1 , George A Poultsides  2 , Shishir K Maithel  14   15
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A Novel T-Stage Classification System for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Proposal from the US Adrenocortical Carcinoma Study Group

Caroline E Poorman et al. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018 Feb.

Abstract

Background: The 7th AJCC T-stage system for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), based on size and extra-adrenal invasion, does not adequately stratify patients by survival. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a known poor prognostic factor. We propose a novel T-stage system that incorporates LVI to better risk-stratify patients undergoing resection for ACC.

Method: Patients undergoing curative-intent resections for ACC from 1993 to 2014 at 13 institutions comprising the US ACC Group were included. Primary outcome was disease-specific survival (DSS).

Results: Of the 265 patients with ACC, 149 were included for analysis. The current T-stage system failed to differentiate patients with T2 versus T3 disease (p = 0.10). Presence of LVI was associated with worse DSS versus no LVI (36 mo vs. 168 mo; p = 0.001). After accounting for the individual components of the current T-stage system (size, extra-adrenal invasion), LVI remained a poor prognostic factor on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 2.14, 95% confidence interval 1.05-4.38, p = 0.04). LVI positivity further stratified patients with T2 and T3 disease (T2: 37 mo vs. median not reached; T3: 36 mo vs. 96 mo; p = 0.03) but did not influence survival in patients with T1 or T4 disease. By incorporating LVI, a new T-stage classification system was created: [T1: ≤ 5 cm, (-)local invasion, (+/-)LVI; T2: > 5 cm, (-)local invasion, (-)LVI OR any size, (+)local invasion, (-)LVI; T3: > 5 cm, (-)local invasion, (+)LVI OR any size, (+)local invasion, (+)LVI; T4: any size, (+)adjacent organ invasion, (+/-)LVI]. Each progressive new T-stage group was associated with worse median DSS (T1: 167 mo; T2: 96 mo; T3: 37 mo; T4: 15 mo; p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Compared with the current T-stage system, the proposed T-stage system, which incorporates LVI, better differentiates T2 and T3 disease and accurately stratifies patients by disease-specific survival. If externally validated, this T-stage classification should be considered for future AJCC staging systems.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
AJCC 7th/8th edition and proposed T-stage classification systems
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
AJCC 7th/8th T-stage system, LVI stratification of 7th/8th AJCC T-stage, and proposed T-stage system
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Lymphovascular invasion
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