In Situ Generated Ruthenium-Arene Catalyst for Photoactivated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization through Photolatent N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand

Abstract

1,3-Bis(mesityl)imidazolium tetraphenylborate (IMesH⁺ BPh₄^- ) can be synthesized in one step by anion metathesis between the corresponding imidazolium chloride and sodium tetraphenylborate. In the presence of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (sensitizer), an IMes N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand can be photogenerated under irradiation at 365 nm through coupled electron/proton transfer reactions. By combining this tandem NHC photogenerator system with metathesis inactive [RuCl₂ (p-cymene)]₂ precatalyst, the highly active RuCl₂ (p-cymene)(IMes) complex can be formed in situ, enabling a complete ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene in the matter of minutes at room temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a photogenerated NHC. Its exploitation in photoROMP has resulted in a simplified process compared to current photocatalysts, because only stable commercial or easily synthesized reagents are required.

Keywords: carbene ligands; metathesis; photochemistry; ring-opening polymerization; ruthenium.