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Multicenter Study
. 2018 Mar;43(3):383-390.
doi: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1403633. Epub 2017 Nov 27.

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

Rachel Moran  1 , Stephen Beatty  1 , Jim Stack  1 , Aisling M O'Halloran  2 , Joanne Feeney  2   3 , Kwadwo O Akuffo  1 , Tunde Peto  4 , Rose Anne Kenny  2 , John M Nolan  1
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Free article
Multicenter Study

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

Rachel Moran et al. Curr Eye Res. 2018 Mar.
Free article

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate plasma lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) concentrations with grading-confirmed and self-reported prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Material and methods: Data collected from a nationally representative prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in the Republic of Ireland. Participants underwent a computer-assisted personal interview and a center-based health assessment. Plasma concentrations of L and total Z (Z and meso-zeaxanthin [MZ]) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and retinal photographs were graded using a version of the AMD International Classification and Grading System. Consumption of supplements containing L and/or Z and/or MZ was recorded as supplement use. Four groups were identified: Group 1 (n = 24): AMD-afflicted and correctly aware; Group 2 (n = 264): AMD-afflicted but unaware; Group 3 (n = 41): AMD-free and incorrectly believed that they were afflicted with the condition; Group 4 (n = 4094): AMD-free and correctly self-reported absence of AMD.

Results: Of 4,423 participants with plasma concentrations of L and Z and gradable retinal photographs, 288 (6.5%) were afflicted with AMD, and 65 (1.5%) self-reported AMD. Controlling for family history and age, the relationship between grading-confirmed AMD and plasma L was positive and significant (p < 0.001). Mean plasma concentrations of L in Group 2 (mean = 0.2162 ± 0.132 µmol) and Group 4 (mean = 0.2040 ± 0.121 µmol/L) were significantly lower than Group 1 (mean = 0.4691 ± 0.0.372 µmol/L) and Group 3 (mean = 0.3176 ± 0.0.235 µmol/L). Supplement use was reported by 41.7% and 17.1% of participants in Groups 1 and 3, respectively, but only 2.7% and 1.9% of participants in Groups 2 and 4, respectively.

Conclusion: A belief that one suffers from AMD, whether justified or not, is associated with supplement use and with higher plasma concentrations of L.

Keywords: Lutein; age-related macular degeneration; awareness; supplements; zeaxanthin.

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