Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry: Chemical Sensing in the Brain and Beyond

Abstract

Figure 1

The Origin of In Vivo FSCV. Rat with chronically implanted graphite paste electrodes to “see what we can see”. Reproduced from Adams, R. N. Analytical Chemistry 1976, 48, 1126–1138. (ref 11). Copyright 1976 American Chemical Society.

Figure 2

Common FSCV Waveforms. A) Triangular waveform. B and C) ’N-shaped’ waveforms with various holding potentials and wavelimits. D) Sawhorse and E) multiple-scan-rate, modified sawhorse waveforms. Below) List of analytes typically targeted with each optimized waveform.

Figure 3

Ultracompact Wireless FSCV Device. Complete integrated device with potentiostat, ADC, analog background subtraction, impulse transmitter, and power supply. Reproduced from Dorta-Quinones, C. I.; Wang, X. Y.; Dokania, R. K.; Gailey, A.; Lindau, M.; Apsel, A. B. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2016, 10, 289–299 (ref 94). Copyright 2016, with permission from IEEE.

Figure 4

Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for FSCV. A) Microdrive manipulator loaded with a glass-insulated carbon-fiber microelectrode. B) Fused-silica insulated carbon-fiber microelectrode for long-term implantation.

Figure 5

Electrode Drift. A) Color plot of 15 minutes of voltammetric data collected in a flow cell on the benchtop. 160 µM H₂O₂ was introduced to the electrode surface at 12 minutes (red arrow). The background selected for subtraction was at time zero. B) A closer look at 8 seconds of the color plot during H₂O₂ exposure. C) Appropriate correction for drift clarifies the H₂O₂ signal. Note: this electrode was intentionally not fully conditioned to emphasize drift.