Can Early Dissection of Cervical Lymph Nodes Improve Prognosis in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Hard Palate

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinomas of the hard palate and maxillary alveolar ridge are rare tumours with a poor prognosis. Lymph node dissection is recommended for tumours with nodal involvement, and is rarely performed in the absence of adenopathy. We report a series of patients with squamous cell carcinomas and evaluate the rate of lymph node invasion and its impact on survival. This is a retrospective study of 72 patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolar ridge between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008 in two cancer centres. Using clinical and radiological assessment, tumours were classified as T1-T2 in 25 patients (34.7%) and T3-T4 in 47 patients (65.3%). At diagnosis, 16 (22.2%) patients had clinical and/or radiological nodal involvement and 7 patients (9.7%) distal metastasis. Among N0 patients, 13 (18%) experienced isolated lymph node recurrence. Two-year global survival was 60%; 5-year survival was 34%. The rate of lymph node invasion observed in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolar ridge does not differ from other oral cavity sites. Because nodal recurrence worsens the prognosis of such a patient, lymph node dissection should be considered at an early stage, even among N0 patients.

Keywords: Hard palate; Head and neck cancer; Lymph node dissection; Maxillary alveolar ridge; Retrospective study; Squamous cell carcinoma.