Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Nov 29;11(11):CD002062.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002062.pub4.

Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Richard Ac Hughes  1 , Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Yusuf A Rajabally
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Richard Ac Hughes et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a progressive or relapsing and remitting paralysing illness, probably due to an autoimmune response, which should benefit from corticosteroid treatment. Non-randomised studies suggest that corticosteroids are beneficial. Two commonly used corticosteroids are prednisone and prednisolone. Both are usually given as oral tablets. Prednisone is converted into prednisolone in the liver so that the effect of the two drugs is usually the same. Another corticosteroid, dexamethasone, is more potent and is used in smaller doses. The review was first published in 2001 and last updated in 2015; we undertook this update to identify any new evidence.

Objectives: To assess the effects of corticosteroid treatment for CIDP compared to placebo or no treatment, and to compare the effects of different corticosteroid regimens.

Search methods: On 8 November 2016, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase for randomised trials of corticosteroids for CIDP. We searched clinical trials registries for ongoing trials.

Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of treatment with any corticosteroid or adrenocorticotrophic hormone for CIDP, diagnosed by an internationally accepted definition.

Data collection and analysis: Two authors extracted data from included studies and assessed the risk of bias independently. The intended primary outcome was change in disability, with change in impairment after 12 weeks and side effects as secondary outcomes. We assessed strength of evidence using the GRADE approach.

Main results: One non-blinded RCT comparing prednisone with no treatment in 35 eligible participants did not measure the primary outcome for this systematic review. The trial had a high risk of bias. Neuropathy Impairment Scale scores after 12 weeks improved in 12 of 19 participants randomised to prednisone, compared with five of 16 participants randomised to no treatment (risk ratio (RR) for improvement 2.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90 to 4.52; very low-quality evidence). The trial did not report side effects in detail, but one prednisone-treated participant died.A double-blind RCT comparing daily standard-dose oral prednisolone with monthly high-dose oral dexamethasone in 40 participants reported none of the prespecified outcomes for this review. The trial had a low risk of bias, but the quality of evidence was limited as it came from a single small study. There was little or no difference in number of participants who achieved remission (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.50 to 2.45 in favour of monthly dexamethasone; moderate-quality evidence), or change in disability or impairment after one year (low-quality evidence). Change of grip strength or Medical Research Council (MRC) scores demonstrated little or no difference between groups (moderate-quality to low-quality evidence). Eight of 16 people in the prednisolone group and seven of 24 people in the dexamethasone group deteriorated. Side effects were similar with each regimen, except that sleeplessness was less common with monthly dexamethasone (low-quality evidence) as was moon facies (moon-shaped appearance of the face) (moderate-quality evidence).Experience from large non-randomised studies suggests that corticosteroids are beneficial, but long-term use causes serious side effects.

Authors' conclusions: We are very uncertain about the effects of oral prednisone compared with no treatment, because the quality of evidence from the only RCT that exists is very low. Nevertheless, corticosteroids are commonly used in practice, supported by very low-quality evidence from observational studies. We also know from observational studies that corticosteroids carry the long-term risk of serious side effects. The efficacy of high-dose monthly oral dexamethasone is probably little different from that of daily standard-dose oral prednisolone. Most side effects occurred with similar frequencies in both groups, but with high-dose monthly oral dexamethasone moon facies is probably less common and sleeplessness may be less common than with oral prednisolone. We need further research to identify factors that predict response.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

RACH has or has had consultancies with CSL Behring, Grifols, and LFB, companies which produce human immune globulin, and with Novartis which was conducting a trial investigating the immunosuppressive drug fingolimod as a treatment for CIDP. RACH is an honorary member of the Board of GBS CIDP Foundation International, and Medical Patron of gain (Guillain‐Barré & Associated Inflammatory Neuropathies), the British charity which supports people with CIDP.

YAR has received educational grants from CSL Behring and honoraria for talks from Grifols, Octapharma, CSL Behring, and Kedrion. YAR has received a research grant from LfB France. YAR is secretary of the Medical Advisory Board of gain (Guillain‐Barré & Associated Inflammatory Neuropathies), the British charity which supports people with CIDP.

MMM has no known conflicts of interest.

This review is not compliant with the Cochrane commercial sponsorship policy (as Novartis is a manufacturer of dexamethasone). An update will be planned without conflicted authors.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item for each included study. Red (‐) = high risk of bias; green (‐) = low risk of bias; yellow (?) (not shown) = unclear risk of bias.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroids versus control, Outcome 1 Improvement in impairment after 12 weeks excluding those who did not complete the study.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroids versus control, Outcome 2 Improvement in impairment after 12 weeks including those who did not complete the study.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroids versus control, Outcome 3 Number of patients improved after 12 weeks excluding those who did not complete the study.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Corticosteroids versus control, Outcome 4 Number of patients who showed improvement after 12 weeks including those who did not complete the study.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 1 Remission at 12 months.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 2 ≥ 1 point improvement on INCAT disability score at 12 months.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 3 Change in MRC sum score at endpoint.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 4 Change in grip strength at endpoint.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 5 Sleeplessness.
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 6 Cushingoid facies.
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 7 Weight gain 1 ‐ 3 kg.
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2 Standard‐dose daily oral prednisolone versus monthly pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone, Outcome 8 Weight gain > 3 kg.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

Dyck 1982 {published data only}
    1. Dyck PJ, O'Brien PC, Oviatt KF, Dinapoli RP, Daube JR, Bartleson JD, et al. Prednisone improves chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy more than no treatment. Annals of Neurology 1982;11(2):136‐41. [PUBMED: 7041788] - PubMed
PREDICT 2010 {published data only}
    1. Eftimov F, Vermeulen M, Doorn PA, Brusse E, Schaik IN, PREDICT. Long‐term remission of CIDP after pulsed dexamethasone or short‐term prednisolone treatment. Neurology 2012;78(14):1079‐84. - PubMed
    1. Schaik IN, Eftimov F, Doorn PA, Brusse E, Berg LH, Pol WL, et al. Pulsed high‐dose dexamethasone versus standard prednisolone treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (PREDICT study): a double‐blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Neurology 2010;9(3):245‐53. [PUBMED: 20133204] - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Lopate 2005 {published data only}
    1. Lopate A, Pestronk A, Al‐Lozi M. Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with high‐dose intermittent intravenous methylprednisolone. Archives of Neurology 2005;62(2):249‐54. - PubMed
Nobile‐Orazio 2012 {published data only}
    1. Nobile‐Orazio E, Cocito D, Jann S, Uncini A, Beghi E, Messina P, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin versus intravenous methylprednisolone for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurology 2012;11(6):493‐502. - PubMed
    1. Nobile‐Orazio E, Cocito D, Jann S, Uncini A, Messina P, Antonini G, et al. Frequency and time to relapse after discontinuing 6‐month therapy with IVIg or pulsed methylprednisolone in CIDP. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2015;86(7):729‐34. - PubMed
    1. Nobile‐Orazio E, Cocito D, Jann S, Uncini A, Messina P, Antonini G, et al. Frequency and time to relapse after therapy discontinuation in CIDP patients treated for six months with IVIG or IV methylprednisolone (IMC study follow‐up). Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System 2013;18 Suppl:S80‐1.

Additional references

AAN 1991
    1. American Academy of Neurology. Research criteria for diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Report from an Ad Hoc Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. Neurology 1991;41(5):617‐8. - PubMed
Austin 1958
    1. Austin JH. Recurrent polyneuropathies and their corticosteroid treatment. With five‐year observations of a placebo controlled case treated with corticotrophin, cortisone and prednisone. Brain 1958;81(2):157. - PubMed
Barohn 1989
    1. Barohn RJ, Kissel JT, Warmolts JR, Mendell JR. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Clinical characteristics, course, and recommendations for diagnostic criteria. Archives of Neurology 1989;46(8):878‐84. - PubMed
Blackhouse 2010
    1. Blackhouse G, Gaebel K, Xie F, Campbell K, Assasi N, Tarride JE, et al. Cost‐utility of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) compared with corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in Canada. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2010;8:14. - PMC - PubMed
Boru 2014
    1. Börü UT, Erdoğan H, Alp R, Taşdemir M, Yildirim S, Bilgiç A, et al. Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with high dose intravenous methylprednisolone monthly for five years: 10‐year follow up. Clinical Neurology & Neurosurgery 2014;118:89‐93. - PubMed
Bromberg 2004
    1. Bromberg MB, Carter O. Corticosteroid use in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders: empirical and evidence‐based data. Muscle & Nerve 2004;30(1):20‐37. - PubMed
Chan 2006
    1. Chan YC, Allen DC, Fialho D, Mills KR, Hughes RA. Predicting response to treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2006;77(1):114‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Chiò 2007
    1. Chiò A, Cocito D, Bottacchi E, Buffa C, Leone M, Plano F, et al. Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: an epidemiological study in Italy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2007;78(12):1349‐53. - PMC - PubMed
Chroni 2015
    1. Chroni E, Veltsista D, Gavanozi E, Vlachou T, Polychronopoulos P, Papathanasopoulos P. Pure sensory chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy: rapid deterioration after steroid treatment. BMC Neurology 2015;15:27. - PMC - PubMed
Cocito 2010
    1. Cocito D, Paolasso I, Antonini G, Benedetti L, Briani C, Comi C, et al. A nationwide retrospective analysis on the effect of immune therapies in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. European Journal of Neurology 2010;17(2):289‐94. - PubMed
Collen 1991
    1. Collen FM, Wade DT, Robb GF, Bradshaw CM. The Rivermead Mobility Index: a further development of the Rivermead Motor Assessment. International Disability Studies 1991;13(2):50‐4. - PubMed
Dalakas 1981
    1. Dalakas MC, Engel WK. Chronic relapsing (dysimmune) polyneuropathy: pathogenesis and treatment. Annals of Neurology 1981;9 Suppl:134‐45. - PubMed
DeVivo 1970
    1. DeVivo DC, Engel WK. Remarkable recovery of a steroid‐responsive recurrent polyneuropathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 1970;33(1):62‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Donaghy 1994
    1. Donaghy M, Mills KR, Boniface SJ, Simmons J, Wright I, Gregson N, et al. Pure motor demyelinating neuropathy: Deterioration after steroid treatment and improvement with intravenous immunoglobulin. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 1994;57(7):778‐83. - PMC - PubMed
Dyck 1975
    1. Dyck PJ, Lais AC, Ohta M, Bastron JA, Okazaki H, Groover RV. Chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1975;50(11):621‐37. - PubMed
Dyck 1980
    1. Dyck PJ, Sherman WR, Hallcher LM, Service FJ, O'Brien PC, Grina LA, et al. Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose and myo‐inositol related to sural nerve morphometry. Annals of Neurology 1980;8(6):590‐6. - PubMed
Dyck 1994
    1. Dyck PJ, Litchy WJ, Kratz KM, Suarez GA, Low PA, Pineda AA, et al. A plasma exchange versus immune globulin infusion trial in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Annals of Neurology 1994;36(6):838‐45. - PubMed
Eftimov 2011
    1. Eftimov F, Vermeulen M, Doorn PA, Brusse E, Schaik IN, The PREDICT study group. Long term follow‐up in CIDP patients treated with 6‐months pulsed dexamethasone or 8‐months prednisolone treatment. 2011 Meeting of the Peripheral Nerve Society June 25–29, 2011, Potomac, Maryland. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. 2011, issue 16 Suppl s3:S33‐4.
Eftimov 2012
    1. Eftimov F, Vermeulen M, Doorn PA, Brusse E, Schaik IN, PREDICT. Long‐term remission of CIDP after pulsed dexamethasone or short‐term prednisolone treatment. Neurology 2012;78(14):1079‐84. - PubMed
Eftimov 2013
    1. Eftimov F, Winer JB, Vermeulen M, Haan R, Schaik IN. Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001797.pub3] - DOI - PubMed
Eftimov 2014
    1. Eftimov F, Liesdek MH, Verhamme C, Schaik IN, on behalf of the PREDICT study group. Deterioration after corticosteroids in CIDP may be associated with pure focal demyelination pattern. BMC Neurology 2014;14:72. - PMC - PubMed
Franssen 1997
    1. Franssen H, Vermeulen M, Jennekens FG. Chronic inflammatory neuropathies. In: Emery AEH editor(s). Diagnostic Criteria for Neuromuscular Disorders. 2nd Edition. London: RSM Press, 1997:53‐9.
Goodman 1996
    1. Bernard PS, Keith LP. Adrenocorticotropic hormones; adrenocortical steroids and their synthetic analogues, inhibitors of the synthesis and action of adrenocortical hormones. In: Joel GH, Lee EL editor(s). Goodman and Gilman. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 1996:1459‐84.
Graham 2006
    1. Graham RC, Hughes RA. A modified peripheral neuropathy scale: the Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2006;77(8):973‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Hattori 1998
    1. Hattori N, Ichimura M, Aoki S, Nagamatsu M, Yasuda T, Kumazawa K, et al. Clinicopathological features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in childhood. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1998;154(1):66‐71. - PubMed
Higgins 2011
    1. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Sterne JAC (editors). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.
Hughes 2001
    1. Hughes R, Bensa S, Willison H, Bergh P, Comi G, Illa I, et al. Randomized controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin versus oral prednisolone in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Annals of Neurology 2001;50(2):195‐201. - PubMed
Hughes 2006
    1. Hughes RA, Allen D, Makowska A, Gregson NA. Pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System 2006;11(1):30‐46. - PubMed
Kuwabara 2006
    1. Kuwabara S, Misawa S, Mori M, Tamura N, Kubota M, Hattori T. Long term prognosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a five year follow up of 38 cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2006;77(1):66‐70. - PMC - PubMed
Machkhas 1997
    1. Machkhas H, Harati Y. Pulse intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Neurology 1997; Vol. 48, issue 3 Suppl:A87‐8.
Mahdi‐Rogers 2010
    1. Mahdi‐Rogers M, Swan AV, Doorn PA, Hughes RA. Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 6. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003280.pub4] - DOI - PubMed
Mahdi‐Rogers 2014
    1. Mahdi‐Rogers M, Hughes RA. Epidemiology of chronic inflammatory neuropathies in southeast England. European Journal of Neurology 2014;21(1):28‐33. - PubMed
Mathey 2015
    1. Mathey EK, Park SB, Hughes RA, Pollard JD, Armati PJ, Barnett MH, et al. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: from pathology to phenotype. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2015;86(9):973‐85. - PMC - PubMed
McCombe 1987
    1. McCombe PA, Pollard JD, McLeod JG. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. A clinical and electrophysiological study of 92 cases. Brain 1987;110(Pt 6):1617‐30. - PubMed
McCrone 2003
    1. McCrone P, Chisholm D, Knapp M, Hughes R, Comi G, Dalakas MC, et al. INCAT Study Group. Cost‐utility analysis of intravenous immunoglobulin and prednisolone for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. European Journal of Neurology 2003;10(6):687‐94. - PubMed
Mehndiratta 2015
    1. Mehndiratta MM, Hughes RA, Pritchard J. Plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 8. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003906.pub4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Merkies 2000
    1. Merkies ISJ, Schmitz PIM, Samijn JPA, Meché FGA, Toyka KV, Doorn PA, et al. Assessing grip strength in healthy individuals and patients with immune‐mediated polyneuropathies. Muscle & Nerve 2000;23(9):1393‐401. - PubMed
Merkies 2002
    1. Merkies IS, Schmitz PI, Meché FG, Samijn JP, Doorn PA. Clinimetric evaluation of a new overall disability scale in immune mediated polyneuropathies. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2002;72(5):596‐601. - PMC - PubMed
Merkies 2006
    1. Merkies IS, Lauria G. 131st ENMC international workshop: selection of outcome measures for peripheral neuropathy clinical trials 10‐12 December 2004, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscular Disorders 2006;16(2):149‐56. - PubMed
Molenaar 1997
    1. Molenaar DSM, Doorn PA, Vermeulen M. Pulsed high dose dexamethasone treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a pilot study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 1997;62(4):388‐90. - PMC - PubMed
Muley 2008
    1. Muley SA, Kelkar P, Parry GJ. Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with pulsed oral steroids. Archives of Neurology 2008;65(11):1460‐4. - PubMed
Nevo 1996
    1. Nevo Y, Pestronk A, Kornberg AJ, Connolly AM, Yee WC, Iqbal I, et al. Childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies. Neurology 1996;47(1):98‐102. - PubMed
Oaklander 2017
    1. Oaklander AL, Lunn MPT, Hughes RAC, Schaik IN, Frost C, Chalk CH. Treatments for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010369.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Pedersen 2007
    1. Pedersen K, Pandolfo M, Mavroudakis N. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a diabetic patient: deterioration after intravenous immunoglobulins treatment and favorable response to steroid treatment. Acta Neurologica Belgica 2007;107(1):14‐7. - PubMed
Press 2016
    1. Press R, Hiew FL, Rajabally YA. Steroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: evidence base and clinical practice. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2016;133(4):228‐38. - PubMed
Prineas 1976
    1. Prineas JW, McLeod JG. Chronic relapsing polyneuritis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1976;27(4):427‐58. - PubMed
Rajabally 2008
    1. Rajabally YA, Narasimhan M, Chavada G. Electrophysiological predictors of steroid‐responsiveness in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Journal of Neurology 2008;255(6):936‐8. - PubMed
Rajabally 2009
    1. Rajabally YA, Chavada G. Lewis‐Sumner syndrome of pure upper‐limb onset: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic features. Muscle & Nerve 2009;39(2):206‐20. - PubMed
Rajabally 2012
    1. Rajabally YA, Wong SL. Chronic inflammatory pure sensory polyradiculoneuropathy: a rare CIDP variant with unusual electrophysiology. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease 2012;13(3):149‐52. - PubMed
RevMan 2014 [Computer program]
    1. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
Rostasy 2003
    1. Rostasy KM, Diepold K, Buckard J, Brockmann K, Wilken B, Hanefeld F. Progressive muscle weakness after high‐dose steroids in two children with CIDP. Pediatric Neurology 2003;29(3):236‐8. - PubMed
Sabatelli 2001
    1. Sabatelli M, Madia F, Mignogna T, Lippi G, Quaranta L, Tonali P. Pure motor chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Journal of Neurology 2001;248(9):772‐7. - PubMed
Simmons 1997
    1. Simmons Z, Wald JJ, Albers JW. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in children. II. Long term follow‐up, with comparison to adults. Muscle & Nerve 1997;20(12):1569‐75. - PubMed
Sladky 1986
    1. Sladky JT, Brown MJ, Berman PH. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy of infancy: a corticosteroid responsive disorder. Annals of Neurology 1986;20(1):76‐81. - PubMed
Strehl 2013
    1. Strehl C, Buttgereit F. Optimized glucocorticoid therapy: teaching old drugs new tricks. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2013;380(1‐2):32‐40. - PubMed
Thomas 1969
    1. Thomas PK, Lascelles RG, Hallpike JF, Hewer RL. Recurrent and chronic relapsing Guillain‐Barre polyneuritis. Brain 1969;92(3):589‐606. - PubMed
Vallat 2010
    1. Vallat JM, Sommer C, Magy L. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for a treatable condition. Lancet Neurology 2010;9(4):402‐12. - PubMed
Van den Bergh 2010
    1. Bergh PY, Hadden RD, Bouche P, Cornblath DR, Hahn A, Illa I, et al. European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society ‐ first revision. European Journal of Neurology 2010;17(3):356‐63. - PubMed
Van Nes 2011
    1. Nes SI, Vanhoutte EK, Doorn PA, Hermans M, Bakkers M, Kuitwaard K, et al. Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (R‐ODS) for immune‐mediated peripheral neuropathies. Neurology 2011;76(4):337‐45. - PubMed
Van Schaik 2010
    1. Schaik IN, Léger J‐M, Nobile‐Orazio E, Cornblath DR, Hadden RDM, Koski L, et al. Multifocal motor neuropathy. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MR, Brainin M editor(s). European Handbook of Neurological Management. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1, Oxford: Wiley‐Blackwell, 2010:343‐50. [MEDLINE: ]
Van Swieten 1988
    1. Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Visser MC, Schouten HJ, Gijn J. Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 1988;19(5):604‐7. - PubMed

References to other published versions of this review

Hughes 2012
    1. Hughes RAC, Mehndiratta MM. Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 8. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002062.pub2] - DOI - PubMed
Hughes 2015
    1. Hughes RAC, Mehndiratta MM. Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002062.pub3] - DOI - PubMed
Mehndiratta 2001
    1. Mehndiratta MM, Hughes RAC. Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002062] - DOI - PubMed
Mehndiratta 2002
    1. Mehndiratta MM, Hughes RAC. Corticosteroids for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002062] - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources