Intravenous immunoglobulin-induced acute thrombocytopenia

Abstract

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has known efficacy in various hematologic conditions, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Study design and methods: We present the clinical course of a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma, who developed acute thrombocytopenia on three consecutive episodes, with nadir counts of 27 × 10⁹ , 50 × 10⁹ , and 9 × 10⁹ /L, upon administration of Intratect IVIG for hypogammaglobulinemia. An immunofluorescence test applying flow cytometry and monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay were used to evaluate the reaction between IgG present in the IVIG preparations and the patient's or healthy donors' platelets (PLTs).

Results: A strong direct binding reaction was observed between the patient's PLTs and Intratect IgG using both methods. A similar reaction failed to materialize with controls. Binding was not antigen specific according to MAIPA.

Conclusions: This is the first reported case of thrombocytopenia as a possible adverse effect of IVIG.