Total Syntheses of Daphenylline, Daphnipaxianine A, and Himalenine D

Abstract

We report the total syntheses of daphenylline (1), daphnipaxianine A (5), and himalenine D (6), three Daphniphyllum alkaloids from the calyciphylline A subfamily. A pentacyclic triketone was prepared by using atom-transfer radical cyclization and the Lu [3+2] cycloaddition as key steps. Inspired by the proposed biosynthetic relationship between 1 and another calyciphylline A type alkaloid, we developed a ring-expansion/aromatization/aldol cascade to construct the tetrasubstituted benzene moiety of 1. The versatile triketone intermediate was also elaborated into 5 and 6 through a C=C bond migration/aldol cyclization approach.

Keywords: [3+2] cycloaddition; alkaloids; arene synthesis; bioinspired synthesis; cascade reactions.