Patient Characteristics, Length of Stay, and Functional Improvement for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Population Study of Inpatient Care in Ontario 2005 to 2015
- PMID: 29194005
- PMCID: PMC5714115
- DOI: 10.1177/0706743716680167
Patient Characteristics, Length of Stay, and Functional Improvement for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Population Study of Inpatient Care in Ontario 2005 to 2015
Abstract
Objectives: Schizophrenia and associated illnesses account for a large proportion of mental illness burden and health care expenditures, with the majority of expense involving inpatient care. To date, the literature exploring factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and functional improvement during inpatient care is underdeveloped. In response, this study examined the association between patient characteristics, LOS, and functional improvement using Ontario Mental Health Reporting System (OMHRS) data from 2005 to 2015.
Methods: The associations of patient characteristics (including key demographics, psychosocial variables, reasons for admission, and service use history) and 2 outcome measures (LOS and Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF]) were analysed with generalised linear mixed modelling (GLMM). From 2005 to 2015, a total of 48,498 episodes for distinct patients from 18 psychiatric hospitals and 57 general hospitals in Ontario were included.
Results: For psychiatric and general hospitals, mean LOS was 96.6 and 20.5 days, and mean GAF improvement was 14.8 and 16.1, respectively. The majority of associations probed demonstrated a high degree of significance with similar patterns across general and tertiary facility contexts. Older age and more recent readmission following a psychiatric discharge were associated with longer LOS and less GAF improvement. Recent experience of adverse life events and substance misuse were associated with shorter LOS.
Conclusions: While the findings of this exploratory cross-sectional analysis will require further inquiry with respect to validity and reliability, they suggest that a different service pathway is likely required for individuals with greater psychosocial challenge and extensive service use histories.
Objectif:: La schizophrénie et les maladies apparentées représentent une large proportion du fardeau de la maladie mentale et des dépenses de soins de santé, la majorité des dépenses impliquant les soins des patients hospitalisés. Jusqu’ici, la littérature explorant les facteurs associés à la durée de séjour (DDS) et à l’amélioration fonctionnelle durant l’hospitalisation des patients est sous-développée. En réponse, cette étude a examiné l’association entre les caractéristiques des patients, la DDS et l’amélioration fonctionnelle à l’aide des données du Système d’information ontarien sur la santé mentale (SIOSM) de 2005 à 2015.
Méthodes:: Les associations entre les caractéristiques des patients (y compris les données démographiques, les variables psychosociales, les raisons de l’hospitalisation, et les antécédents d’utilisation des services) et 2 mesures des résultats [la DDS et l’Échelle d’évaluation globale du fonctionnement (GAF)] ont été analysées avec un modèle linéaire généralisé (GLMM). De 2005 à 2015, les données de 48 498 épisodes de patients distincts de 18 hôpitaux psychiatriques et de 57 hôpitaux généraux d’Ontario ont été incluses.
Résultats:: Pour les hôpitaux psychiatriques et généraux, la DDS moyenne était de 96,6 jours et de 20,5 jours, et l’amélioration moyenne à la GAF était de 14,8 et de 16,1, respectivement dans les 2 cas. La majorité des associations examinées démontraient un degré élevé de signification avec des modèles semblables dans tous les contextes d’établissements généraux et tertiaires. L’âge avancé et une réhospitalisation plus récente suivant un congé psychiatrique étaient associés à une DDS plus longue et moins d’amélioration à la GAF. L’expérience récente d’événements de vie défavorables et l’abus de substances étaient associés à une DDS plus courte.
Conclusions:: Bien que les résultats de cette analyse transversale exploratoire demandent plus de recherche en ce qui concerne la validité et la fiabilité, ils suggèrent qu’une trajectoire de service différente est probablement nécessaire pour les personnes ayant un problème psychosocial plus grave et de lourds antécédents d’utilisation des services.
Keywords: functioning; inpatient; length of stay; schizophrenia.
Conflict of interest statement
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