MRI measurements of the normal pediatric optic nerve pathway

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to establish a reference scale of optic nerve pathway measurements in pediatric patients according to age using MRI. Optic nerve pathway measurements were retrospectively analyzed using an orbits equivalent sequence on brain MRI scans of 137 pediatric patients (72 male, 65 female, average age = 7.7 years, standard deviation = 5.3). The examinations were performed on a 1.5-T or 3-T Siemens MR system using routine imaging protocols. Measurements include diameters of the orbital optic nerves (OON), prechiasmatic optic nerves (PON), optic tracts (OT), and optic chiasm (OC). Measurements were performed manually by 2 neuroradiologists, using post-processing software. Patients were stratified into five age groups for measurement analyses: (I) 0-1.49 years, (II) 1.5-2.99 years, (III) 3-5.99 years, (IV) 6-11.99 years, and (V) 12-18 years. The observed value range of OON mean diameter was 2.7 mm (Interquartile range (IQR) = 2.4-2.9), PON was 3.2 mm (IQR = 3.05-3.5), OT 2.6 mm (IQR = 2-2.9). A strong positive correlation was established between age and mean diameter of OON (r = 0.73, p < .001), PON (r = 0.59, p < .001), and OT (r = 0.72, p < .001). A significant difference in mean OON diameters was found between age groups I-II (d = 0.3, p = .01), II-III (d = 0.5, p < .001), III-IV (d = 0.5, p < .001) followed by a plateau between IV-V (d = 0.l0, p = .19). OON/OT ratio maintained a steady mean value 1 (IQR = 0.93-1.1) regardless of age (p = .7). The diameter of optic pathways was found to increase as a function of age with consistent positive correlation between nerve and tract for all ages.

Keywords: Krabbe’s disease; Optic nerve hyperplasia; Optic pathway; Pediatric MRI; Septo-optic dysplasia.