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Review
. 2017 Jul 24:2:20.
doi: 10.1186/s40834-017-0047-4. eCollection 2017.

Heavy menstrual bleeding diagnosis and medical management

Intira Sriprasert  1 , Tarita Pakrashi  2 , Thomas Kimble  3 , David F Archer  3
Affiliations
Review

Heavy menstrual bleeding diagnosis and medical management

Intira Sriprasert et al. Contracept Reprod Med. .

Abstract

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynecological problem that has a significant impact on a woman's quality of life and the activities of daily living. Due to the difficulty in accurately describing menstrual bleeding abnormalities using older terminology, the PALM-COEIN classification system of the Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstetrique was proposed to describe and identify the etiology of abnormal endometrial bleeding. As there is no single pathway that is associated with HMB, there are several therapeutic interventions involving different molecular pathways to reduce HMB. This article will highlight the current evidence as it relates to the etiology of HMB as well as medical modalities of treatment.

Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding; Combination hormonal contraceptives; Danazol; Heavy menstrual bleeding; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Tranexamic acid.

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Not applicable.

Competing interests

I confirm that I have read BioMed Central’s guidance on competing interests and have included a statement indicating that none of the authors have any competing interests in the manuscript.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) converts plasminogen to plasmin, which dissolve the fibrin in the blood clot. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and Tissue Factor (TF) are procoagulant by inhibiting plasminogen activators and increasing fibrin, respectively [34]. The figure is also separately submitted in a file name “figure1.jpg”
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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