4 and 6 interleukin's action in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, gingivitis and dental alveolitis

Abstract

Introduction: The paper presents the results of studying the role of interleukins 4 and 6 in the pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases, specifically, in periodontitis, gingivitis and alveolitis.

The aim: To study the nature of participation of IL-4 and IL-6 in the mechanisms of development of periodontitis, gingivitis and alveolitis.

Materials and methods: Studies were carried out on 80 nonlinear male rats with a body weight of 200.0 to 220.0 g divided into four groups of 20 animals each. The serum level of cytokines was determined by an enzyme immunoassay on the Multiscane Biotech analyzer using test systems manufactured by Caltag laboratories (USA). Statistical processing of the obtained digital results was processed with the help of the program "Statistica 8.0". Indicators of the reliability of changes between the control and intact groups also used the Student's test and the Excel program. The confidence level was taken at p <0.05.

Results: As a result of our experiments, noticeable changes in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 were observed in rats with experimental periodontitis. The level of IL-4 cytokine in rats with alveolitis did not differ from control. The level of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 from all groups of animals with periodontal disease differed from control only in rats with gingivitis, where it decreased by 74% and its level became less with alveolitis and periodontitis, since in these diseases the level of IL-6 was practically the same from the control (p <0,05). We also succeeded in revealing that at a low level of profibrogenic IL-6, there is not enough stimulation of collagen synthesis in the periodontal bone tissue. The increased level of IL-4 in a group of animals with gingivitis, on the contrary, indicates the realization of a pathological reaction of the organism.

Conclusions: The change in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins, especially with gingivitis, indicates a decrease in the body's adaptive reserves and may affect the further dynamics of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues.

Keywords: dental alveolitis; gingivitis; interleukins; parodontium.