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Review
. 2015 May 16;2(3):85-91.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2015.05.001. eCollection 2015 Sep.

The prolactin receptor: Diverse and emerging roles in pathophysiology

Caroline M Gorvin  1
Affiliations
Review

The prolactin receptor: Diverse and emerging roles in pathophysiology

Caroline M Gorvin. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. .

Abstract

Investigations over two decades have revised understanding of the prolactin hormone. Long thought to be merely a lactogenic hormone, its list of functions has been extended to include: reproduction, islet differentiation, adipocyte control and immune modulation. Prolactin functions by binding cell-surface expressed prolactin receptor, initiating signaling cascades, primarily utilizing Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT). Pathway disruption has been implicated in tumorigenesis, reproductive abnormalities, and diabetes. Prolactin can also be secreted from extrapituitary sources adding complexity to understanding of its physiological functions. This review aims to describe how prolactin exerts its pathophysiological roles by endocrine and autocrine means.

Keywords: Diabetes; Hyperprolactinemia; Immunity; Reproduction; Tumorigenesis.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Summary of the diverse functions of the PRLR. The PRLR is proposed to have a role in reproduction, islet differentiation, regulation of fat stores and immune responses. PRLR is expressed on mammary gland cells, pancreatic β-cells, adipocytes and immune cells. Prolactin secreted by the pituitary gland has a number of physiological effects on these tissues (black text). Prolactin can also be secreted by cells within these tissues, leading to autocrine effects. Impairments of these functions due to mutation of the receptor, or changes in expression, may lead to pathological states (green text).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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