The effects of daily intake timing of almond on the body composition and blood lipid profile of healthy adults

doi:10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.479

. 2017 Dec;11(6):479-486.

doi: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.479. Epub 2017 Nov 22.

The effects of daily intake timing of almond on the body composition and blood lipid profile of healthy adults

Yanan Liu¹, Hyo-Jeong Hwang², Hyesook Ryu³, You-Suk Lee⁴, Hyun-Sook Kim¹, Hyunjin Park²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 04310, Korea.
² ICAN Nutrition Education and Research, 20, Gukjegeumyung-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07327, Korea.
³ Department of Food and Nutrition, Sangji University, Gangwon 26339, Korea.
⁴ Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea.

PMID: 29209458
PMCID: PMC5712498
DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.479

The effects of daily intake timing of almond on the body composition and blood lipid profile of healthy adults

Yanan Liu et al. Nutr Res Pract. 2017 Dec.

. 2017 Dec;11(6):479-486.

doi: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.479. Epub 2017 Nov 22.

Authors

Yanan Liu¹, Hyo-Jeong Hwang², Hyesook Ryu³, You-Suk Lee⁴, Hyun-Sook Kim¹, Hyunjin Park²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 04310, Korea.
² ICAN Nutrition Education and Research, 20, Gukjegeumyung-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07327, Korea.
³ Department of Food and Nutrition, Sangji University, Gangwon 26339, Korea.
⁴ Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea.

PMID: 29209458
PMCID: PMC5712498
DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.479

Abstract

Background/objectives: Timing of almond intake during a day may result differently in the perspectives of body composition and changes of lipid profile. The current study was conducted to compare the effects of daily almond intake as a preload versus as a snack on body composition, blood lipid profile, and oxidative and inflammation indicators among young Korean adults aged 20-39 years old.

Subjects/methods: Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a pre-meal almond group (PM), a snack almond group (SN) in which participants were instructed to consume 56 g of almonds either as a preload before meals or as a snack between meals, respectively, and a control group (CL) in which participants were provided high-carbohydrate iso-caloric control food. Measurements were performed at baseline, weeks 8 and 16.

Results: A total of 169 (M 77/F 92) out of the 227 participants completed the study between June 2014 and June 2015 (n = 58 for PM; 55 for SN; and 56 for CL). A significant decrease in body fat mass was observed in the PM group at both weeks 8 and 16 compared with the CL. There were significant intervention effects on changes of body fat mass (P = 0.025), body fat percentages (P = 0.019), and visceral fat levels (P < 0.001). Consuming almonds as a daily snack reduced the levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.043) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 0.011) without changing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared with the CL.

Conclusion: Almond consumption as a preload modified body fat percentages, whereas snacking on almonds between meals improved blood lipid profiles. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03014531.

Keywords: Almonds; body composition; snacking.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1. Flow chart of the study. PM, pre-meal almond group; SN, snack almond group; CL, control group.**

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References

1. U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for standard reference. Release 28 [Internet] Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture; 2016. [cited 2016 November 12]. Available from: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov.
1. Bolling BW, Chen CY, McKay DL, Blumberg JB. Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts. Nutr Res Rev. 2011;24:244–275. - PubMed
1. Bolling BW, Dolnikowski G, Blumberg JB, Oliver Chen CY. Quantification of almond skin polyphenols by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Food Sci. 2009;74:C326–C332. - PMC - PubMed
1. Abazarfard Z, Salehi M, Keshavarzi S. The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19:457–464. - PMC - PubMed
1. Li SC, Liu YH, Liu JF, Chang WH, Chen CM, Chen CY. Almond consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2011;60:474–479. - PubMed

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[1] U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for standard reference. Release 28 [Internet] Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture; 2016. [cited 2016 November 12]. Available from: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov.

[2] U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for standard reference. Release 28 [Internet] Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture; 2016. [cited 2016 November 12]. Available from: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov.

[3] Bolling BW, Chen CY, McKay DL, Blumberg JB. Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts. Nutr Res Rev. 2011;24:244–275. - PubMed

[4] Bolling BW, Chen CY, McKay DL, Blumberg JB. Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts. Nutr Res Rev. 2011;24:244–275. - PubMed

[5] Bolling BW, Dolnikowski G, Blumberg JB, Oliver Chen CY. Quantification of almond skin polyphenols by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Food Sci. 2009;74:C326–C332. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Bolling BW, Dolnikowski G, Blumberg JB, Oliver Chen CY. Quantification of almond skin polyphenols by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Food Sci. 2009;74:C326–C332. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Abazarfard Z, Salehi M, Keshavarzi S. The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19:457–464. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Abazarfard Z, Salehi M, Keshavarzi S. The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19:457–464. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Li SC, Liu YH, Liu JF, Chang WH, Chen CM, Chen CY. Almond consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2011;60:474–479. - PubMed

[10] Li SC, Liu YH, Liu JF, Chang WH, Chen CM, Chen CY. Almond consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2011;60:474–479. - PubMed

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The effects of daily intake timing of almond on the body composition and blood lipid profile of healthy adults

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The effects of daily intake timing of almond on the body composition and blood lipid profile of healthy adults

Authors

Affiliations

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Conflict of interest statement

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Associated data

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