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. 2008 Oct-Dec;2(4):328-332.
doi: 10.1590/S1980-57642009DN20400017.

Phonemic verbal fluency and age: A preliminary study

Veronique Agnes Guernet Steiner  1 , Leticia Lessa Mansur  1   2   3 , Sonia Maria D Brucki  3 , Ricardo Nitrini  3
Affiliations

Phonemic verbal fluency and age: A preliminary study

Veronique Agnes Guernet Steiner et al. Dement Neuropsychol. 2008 Oct-Dec.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Verbal fluency (VF) has been one of the most frequently used instruments in clinics and research, both independently or included in a battery recommended for the detection of cognitive alterations. Phonemic-verbal fluency (PVF) is an interesting variant for cognitive diagnosis particularly because studies indicate that it is less influenced by age.

Objectives: 1. To estimate the effects of age on PVF tests in their original forms, with the /f/-/a/-/s/ phonemes. 2. To estimate the effects of the phoneme /p/ and compare it to the original form in item generation. 3. To verify associations between the Token Test (TT), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and depressive symptoms on performance with /f/-/a/-/s/-/p/ phonemes.

Methods: Forty-eight healthy individuals with ages ranging from 30 to 80 years were evaluated with the MMSE, TT and PVF tests.

Results: Age was correlated with the MMSE, TT and depressive symptoms. There was no association between age and performance on the fluency test, independent of the phoneme used. Among the socio-demographic factors studied, age had a significant impact on performance. There was no phoneme effect in item-generation, when comparing the traditional form of VF (/f/-/a/-/s/) and the /p/ phoneme.

Conclusions: The traditional form of FAS is interchangeable with the modified presentation, therefore both forms may be used in clinical or research settings. PVF is a valuable approach for detecting cognitive alterations in the aged, given its stability throughout the ageing process.

A fluência verbal (FV) fonêmica tem sido um dos instrumentos mais frequentemente utilizados em atividades clínicas e de pesquisa, de modo isolado ou incluída em baterias recomendadas para a detecção de alterações cognitivas. A versão fonêmica da FV é uma variante interessante para o diagnóstico cognitivo, particularmente porque estudos indicam sua resistência aos efeitos do envelhecimento.

Objetivos: 1. Estimar os efeitos de envelhecimento na FV fonêmica, na forma original, com os fonemas /f/-/a/-/s/. 2. Estimar os efeitos de fonema/letra alternativo P e comparar com a forma original de geração de itens. 3. Verificar associações entre o Token Teste (TT), Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e sintomas depressivos na geração de itens com fonemas /f/-/a/-/s/-/p/.

Métodos: Quarenta e oito indivíduos saudáveis com idade entre 30 e 80 anos foram avaliados com o MEEM, TT e testes de FV fonêmica.

Resultados: A idade correlacionou-se com o MEEM, TT e sintomas depressivos. Não houve associação entre idade e desempenho no teste de fluência independentemente do fonema/letra utilizado. Tomando-se em consideração o conjunto de fatores sociodemográficos, a idade teve impacto significativo no desempenho. Não houve efeito de fonema na geração de itens, quando se comparou a forma tradicional, com F-A-S e o fonema P.

Conclusões: A forma tradicional de apresentação do F-A-S pode ser intercambiada com a apresentação modificada, então é possível usar ambas as formas em atividade clínica e de pesquisa. A FV fonêmica é um instrumento interessante para detectar alterações cognitivas no idoso, dada sua estabilidade no processo de envelhecimento.

Keywords: ageing; cognition; evaluation; verbal fluency.

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